ASTM_D_4547_-_15.pdf

Designation:D454715Standard Guide forSampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4547;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes recommended procedures for thecollection,handling,and preparation of solid waste,soil,andsediment samples for subsequent determination of volatileorganic compounds(VOCs).This class of compounds includeslow molecular weight aromatics,hydrocarbons,halogenatedhydrocarbons,ketones,acetates,nitriles,acrylates,ethers,andsulfides with boiling points below 200 Celsius(C)that areinsoluble or slightly soluble in water.1.2 Methods of sample collection,handling,storage,andpreparation for analysis are described.1.3 This guide does not cover the details of sampling design,laboratory preparation of containers,and the analysis of thesamples.1.4 It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunctionwith Guide D4687.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1586 Test Method for Penetration Test(SPT)and Split-Barrel Sampling of SoilsD3550 Practice for Thick Wall,Ring-Lined,Split Barrel,Drive Sampling of SoilsD4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingD4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose ZoneD5058 Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis ofWasteD5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste ManagementD5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-lated to Waste Management Activities:Development ofData Quality ObjectivesD6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-pling for Environmental Waste Management ActivitiesD6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environ-mental Site CharacterizationsD6418 Practice for Using the Disposable En Core Samplerfor Sampling and Storing Soil for Volatile Organic Analy-sisD6640 Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Ob-tained in Core Barrel Samplers for Environmental Inves-tigations2.2 Federal Standard:Title 49 Transportation,Code of Federal Regulations(CFR),Part 172,List of Hazardous Substances and ReportableQuantities33.Terminology3.1 sample,na portion of material taken from a largerquantity for the purpose of estimating properties or composi-tion of the larger quantity.(D5681)3.2 subsample,na portion of a sample taken for thepurpose of estimating properties or composition of the wholesample.(D6051)3.2.1 DiscussionA subsample,by definition,is also asample.4.Summary of Guide4.1 This guide addresses the use of tools for sample collec-tion and transfer,conditions for sample storage,samplepreservation,and two common means of sample preparationfor analysis.Special attention is given to each step from samplecollection to analysis to limit the loss of VOCs by volatilizationand biodegradation.The sample collected and analyzed should1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 onSampling Techniques.Current edition approved Sept.1,2015.Published October 2015.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4547-09.DOI:10.1520/D4547-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Superintendent of Documents,U.S.Government PrintingOffice,Washington,DC 20402.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 be representative of the matrix material sampled.The twomethods cited for the preparation of samples for VOC analysisare methanol extraction and vapor partitioning(that is,purge-and-trap,headspace,and vacuum distillation).The method ofsample preparation for VOC analysis should be consistent withthe data quality objectives(see Practice D5792).5.Significance and Use5.1 This guide describes sample collection and handlingprocedures designed to minimize losses of VOCs.The princi-pal mechanisms for the loss of VOCs from materials duringcollection,handling and storage are volatilization and biodeg-radation.Susceptibility of various VOCs to these two lossmechanisms is both compound and matrix specific.In general,compounds with higher vapor pressures are more susceptible tovolatilization than com