ASTM_D_4520_-_13.pdf

Designation:D452013Standard Practice forDetermining Water Injectivity Through the Use of On-SiteFloods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4520;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This practice covers a procedure for conducting on-sitecore flood tests to determine the filtration and chemicaltreatment requirements for subsurface injection of water.2,31.2 This practice applies to water disposal,secondaryrecovery,and enhanced oil recovery projects and is applicableto injection waters with all ranges of total dissolved solidscontents.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded sepa-rately as standard.The values stated in each system aremathematical conversions and may not be exact equivalents;therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Designand Construction Purposes(Withdrawn 2011)5D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils(Constant Head)D4404 Test Method for Determination of Pore Volume andPore Volume Distribution of Soil and Rock by MercuryIntrusion Porosimetry2.2 American Petroleum Institute Standards:6API RP27 Recommended Practice for Determining Perme-ability of Porous MediaAPI RP40 Recommended Practice for Core-Analysis Pro-cedure3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to water and waterchemistry,refer to Terminology D1129.Refer to TerminologyD653 for definitions relating to soil and rock3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 filtration requirement,nthe maximum suspendedsolids size(in micrometres)allowed in an injection water tominimize formation plugging.3.2.2 test core,na sample cut from a full-core that hasbeen recovered from the formation into which water is in-jected.3.2.3 permeability,nthe capacity of a rock(or otherporous medium)to conduct liquid or gas;permaeability ismeasured as the proportionality constant between flow velocityand hydraulic gradient.3.2.4 pore volume,nthe porous mediums void-volumethat can be saturated with the transmitted fluid.3.2.5 porosity,nthe ratio(usually expressed as a percent-age)of the volume of voids of a given soil,rock mass,or otherporous medium to the total volume of the soil,rock mass,orother porous medium.3.2.6 rock-water interaction,na reaction between a po-rous rock and the injected water causing precipitation orswelling or release of fines(clays)within the rock.4.Summary of Practice4.1 This practice assumes that the injection water has beencharacterized in terms of dissolved and suspended solids1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents inWater.Current edition approved Jan.1,2013.Published February 2013.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4520 03(2008).DOI:10.1520/D4520-13.2Farley,J.T.,and Redline,D.G.,“Evaluation of Flood Water Quality in the WestMontalvo Field,”Journal Petroleum Technology,July 1968,pp.683687.3McCune,C.C.,“On-Site Testing to Define Injection Water QualityRequirements,”Journal Petroleum Technology,January 1977,pp.1724.4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.6Available from American Petroleum Institute(API),1220 L.St.,NW,Washington,DC 20005-4070,http:/www.api.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 contents(including hydrocarbons and other organics as appli-cable)by established standard practices and methods.4.2 Test core material is selected by consultation betweengeologists and engineers and prepared for the tests by standardpractices.4.3 In the on-site core flood the permeability of the test coreis monitored to detect interactions between the formation rockand the injection water.The water is filtered at various levels todetermine the filtration required(in micrometres)to minimizepermeability loss(damage)from suspended solids.Backflow-ing injection wells are simulat