ASTM_D_4693_-_07_2012.pdf

Designation:D469307(Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forLow-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated WheelBearings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4693;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the extentto which a test grease retards the rotation of a specially-manufactured,spring-loaded,automotive-type wheel bearingassembly when subjected to low temperatures.Torque values,calculated from restraining-force determinations,are a measureof the viscous resistance of the grease.This test method wasdeveloped with greases giving torques of less than 35 Nmat 40C.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system,kidney and liver damage.Mercury,orits vapor,may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials.Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products.See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)for details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information.Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGrease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale ConeEquipmentD3527 Test Method for Life Performance of AutomotiveWheel Bearing GreaseD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum,PetroleumProducts,and LubricantsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison TechniquesE230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF)Tables for Standardized ThermocouplesE563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bathas a Reference TemperatureE585/E585M SpecificationforCompactedMineral-Insulated,Metal-Sheathed,Base Metal ThermocoupleCableE608/E608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated,Metal-Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples2.2 Military Standard:3MIL-G-10924F Specification for Automotive and Artillery2.3 ABMA Standard:4Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturer Assoc.(AFBMA)Stan-dard 19,1974(ANSI B.3.19-1975)3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 automotive wheel bearing grease,na lubricatinggrease specifically formulated to lubricate automotive wheelbearings at relatively high grease temperatures and bearingspeeds.D35273.1.2 lubricant,nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.D41751This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.G0 on Lubricating Grease.Current edition approved April 15,2012.Published May 2012.Originallyapproved in 1987.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D469307.DOI:10.1520/D4693-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4 Section D,700Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA 19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.4Available from American Bearing Manufacturers Association(ABMA),2025M St.,NW,Suite 800,Washington,DC 20036.www.americanbearings.orgCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.3 lubricating grease,na semi-fluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces.Other ingredients arecommonly included to impact special properties.D2173.1.4 thickener,nin lubricating grease,a substance com-posed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricantto form the products structure.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe solid thickener can be fibers(suchas various metallic soaps)or plates or spheres(such as certainnon-soap thickeners)which are insoluble or,at the most,onlyvery slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant.The generalrequirements are that the solid particles