ASTM_D_5791_-_95_2017.pdf

Designation:D579195(Reapproved 2017)Standard Guide forUsing Probability Sampling Methods in Studies of Indoor AirQuality in Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5791;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers criteria for determining when prob-ability sampling methods should be used to select locations forplacement of environmental monitoring equipment in a build-ing or to select a sample of building occupants for question-naire administration for a study of indoor air quality.Some ofthe basic probability sampling methods that are applicable forthese types of studies are introduced.1.2 Probability sampling refers to statistical sampling meth-ods that select units for observation with known probabilities(including probabilities equal to one for a census)so thatstatistically defensible inferences are supported from thesample to the entire population of units that had a positiveprobability of being selected into the sample.1.3 This guide describes those situations in which probabil-ity sampling methods are needed for a scientific study of theindoor air quality in a building.For those situations for whichprobability sampling methods are recommended,guidance isprovided on how to implement probability sampling methods,including obstacles that may arise.Examples of their applica-tion are provided for selected situations.Because some indoorair quality investigations may require application of complex,multistage,survey sampling procedures and because this stan-dard is a guide rather than a practice,the references inAppendix X1 are recommended for guidance on appropriateprobability sampling methods,rather than including exposi-tions of such methods in this guide.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheres3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,refer to Terminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 census,nsurvey of all elements of the target popu-lation.3.2.2 cluster sample,na sample in which the samplingframe is partitioned into disjoint subsets called clusters and asample of the clusters is selected.3.2.2.1 DiscussionData may be collected for all units ineach sample cluster or,when a multistage sample is beingselected,the units within the sampled clusters may be furthersubsampled.3.2.3 compositing samples,vphysically combining thematerial collected in two or more environmental samples.3.2.4 expected value,nthe average value of a samplestatistic over all possible samples that could be selected usinga specified sample selection procedure.3.2.5 multistage sample,na sample selected in stages suchthat larger units are selected at the first stage,and smaller unitsare selected at each subsequent stage from within the unitsselected at the previous stage of sampling.3.2.5.1 DiscussionFor assessing the indoor air quality in apopulation of office buildings,individual buildings might beselected at the first stage of sampling,floors selected withinsample buildings at the second stage,and monitoring locations(for example,rooms or grid points)selected on sampled floorsat the third stage.3.2.6 population parameter,na characteristic based on orcalculated from all units in the target population.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved Oct.1,2017.Published October 2017.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5791 95(2012)1.DOI:10.1520/D5791-95R17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.2.6.1 DiscussionThe purp