ASTM_D_4595_-_17.pdf

Designation:D459517Standard Test Method forTensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width StripMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4595;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensileproperties of geotextiles using a wide-width strip specimentensile method.This test method is applicable to most geotex-tiles that include woven fabrics,nonwoven fabrics,layeredfabrics,knit fabrics,and felts that are used for geotextileapplication.1.2 This test method covers the measurement of tensilestrength and elongation of geotextiles and includes directionsfor the calculation of initial modulus,offset modulus,secantmodulus,and breaking toughness.1.3 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of bothconditioned and wet geotextiles by the wide-width stripmethod are included.1.4 The basic distinction between this test method and othermethods for measuring strip tensile properties is the width ofthe specimen.Some fabrics used in geotextile applicationshave a tendency to contract(neck down)under a force in thegage length area.The greater width of the specimen specifiedin this test method minimizes the contraction effect of thosefabrics and provides a closer relationship to expected geotextilebehavior in the field and a standard comparison.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD579 Specification for Greige Woven Glass FabricsD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens forTextiles(Withdrawn 2008)3D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3.Terminology3.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles,nair maintained ata relative humidity of 65 6 5%and a temperature of 21 62 C(70 6 4 F).3.2 breaking toughness,T,(FL1),Jm2,nfor geotextiles,the actual work-to-break per unit surface area of material.3.2.1 DiscussionBreaking toughness is proportional to thearea under the force-elongation curve from the origin to thebreaking point(see also work-to-break).Breaking toughness iscalculated from work-to-break,gage length,and width of aspecimen.3.3 corresponding force,Fc,nthe force associated with aspecific elongation on the force-per-unit-width strain curve.(Syn.load at specified elongation,LASE.)3.4 geotechnical engineering,nthe engineering applica-tion of geotechnics.3.5 geotechnics,nthe application of scientific methodsand engineering principles to the acquisition,interpretation,and use of knowledge of materials of the earths crust to thesolution of engineering problems.3.5.1 DiscussionGeotechnics embraces the fields of soilmechanics,rock mechanics,and many of the engineeringaspects of geology,geophysics,hydrology,and related sci-ences.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-cal Properties.Current edition approved June 1,2017.Published June 2017.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4595 11.DOI:10.1520/D4595-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.6 geotextile,nany permeable textile material used withfoundation,soil,rock,earth,or any other geotechnical engi-neering related material,as an integral part of a man-madeproject,structure,or system.3.7 initial tensile modulus,Ji,(FL1),Nm1,nforgeotextiles,the ratio of the change in tensile force per u