ASTM_D_5197_-_16.pdf

Designation:D519716Standard Test Method forDetermination of Formaldehyde and Other CarbonylCompounds in Air(Active Sampler Methodology)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5197;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method presents a procedure for the determi-nation of formaldehyde(HCHO)and other carbonyl com-pounds(aldehydes and ketones)in air.Other carbonyl com-pounds that have been successfully quantified by this methodinclude acetaldehyde,acetone,propanal(propionaldehyde),2-butanone(methylethylketone),butyraldehyde,benzaldehyde,isovaleraldehyde,valeraldehyde,o-tolualdehyde,m-tolualdehyde,p-tolualdehyde,hexanal,and2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde.1.2 This test method involves drawing air through a car-tridgecontainingsilicagelcoatedwith2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNPH)reagent.Carbonyl compoundsreadily form stable derivatives with the DNPH reagent.TheDNPH derivatives are analyzed for parent aldehydes andketones utilizing high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The sampling procedure is a modification of U.S.EPA Method TO-11A(see 2.2).1.3 This test method is based on the specific reaction ofcarbonyl compounds with DNPH in the presence of an acid toform stable derivatives according to the reaction shown in Fig.1,(where:both R and R1are alkyl or aromatic groups(ketones),or either,or both R or R1is a hydrogen atom(aldehydes).The determination of formaldehyde and othercarbonyl compounds,as DNPH derivatives,is similar to that ofU.S.EPA Method TO-11A in that it utilizes HPLC with UVdetection as the analytical finish.The applicability of this testmethod is extended beyond the stated applicability of TO-11Ato include other carbonyl compounds that can be determined asstated in 10.2.4.This test method is suitable for determinationof formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in the concen-tration range from approximately 10 ppb to 1 ppm(v/v).Lowerconcentrations may be determined with careful control ofcontamination,appropriate selection of flow rate and samplingduration.1.4 The sampling method gives a time-weighted average(TWA)sample.It can be used for long-term(1 to 24 h)orshort-term(5 to 60 min)sampling of air for formaldehyde.Shorter sampling times or low flow rates will result in higherdetection limits and may result in greater variation in co-located sampler results.Tests should be performed over aduration and a flow rate that allows the data quality objectiveof the project to be achieved.Sample times for other carbonyls,such as acetaldehyde,may be limited to short term(1).2Thedata provides total concentrations of carbonyl compounds fromwhich time weighted average concentrations can be calculated.1.5 This test method instructs the user on how to preparesampling cartridges from commercially available chromato-graphic grade silica gel cartridges3by the application ofacidified DNPH to each cartridge.1.6 The sampling flow rate,as described in this test method,has been validated for sampling rates up to 1.5 L/min forformaldehyde.This flow rate limitation is principally due to thehigh pressure drop(8 kPa at 1.0 L/min)across the userprepared silica gel cartridges which have a particle size of 55to 105 m.These cartridges are not generally compatible withbattery-powered pumps used in personal sampling equipment(for example,those used by industrial hygienists).1.7 Alternatively,pre-coated DNPH silica gel cartridges arealso commercially available and may be substituted providedthey can be demonstrated to perform equivalently(2).Some ofthese use silica gel of a larger particle size that results in alower pressure drop across the cartridge.These low pressuredrop cartridges may be more suitable for sampling air usingbattery-powered personal sampling pumps.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved Oct.1,2016.Published November 2016.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5197 091.DOI:10.1520/D5197-16.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.3The cartridge used in the development and performance evaluation of this testmethod was the Sep-Pak Plus Silica cartridge.Other manufactures make similarproducts.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practic