ASTM_D_5293_-_15.pdf

Designation:D529315Standard Test Method forApparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base StocksBetween 10 C and 35 C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5293;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination ofapparent viscosity of engine oils and base stocks by coldcranking simulator(CCS)at temperatures between 10 C and35 C at shear stresses of approximately 50 000 Pa to100 000 Pa and shear rates of approximately 105to 104s1forviscosities of approximately 900 mPas to 25 000 mPas.Therange of an instrument is dependent on the instrument modeland software version installed.Apparent Cranking Viscosityresults by this method are related to engine-cranking charac-teristics of engine oils.1.2 A special procedure is provided for measurement ofhighly viscoelastic oils in manual instruments.See AppendixX2.1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automateddetermination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using thecold-cranking simulator.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warningstatements are given in Section 8.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometersand Viscosity Oil StandardsD2602 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine OilsAt Low Temperature Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator(Withdrawn 1993)3D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence ofTesting and Calibration Laboratories43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Newtonian oil or fluid,none that exhibits a constantviscosity at all shear rates.3.1.2 non-Newtonian oil or fluid,none that exhibits aviscosity that varies with changing shear stress or shear rate.3.1.3 viscosity,nthe property of a fluid that determinesits internal resistance to flow under stress,expressed by:5(1)where:=the stress per unit area,and=the rate of shear.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIt is sometimes called the coefficient ofdynamic viscosity.This coefficient is thus a measure of theresistance to flow of the liquid.In the SI,the unit of viscosityis the pascal-second;for practical use,a submultiple(millipascal-second)is more convenient and is customarilyused.The millipascal second is 1 cP(centipoise).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 apparent viscosity,nthe viscosity obtained by use ofthis test method.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSince many engine oils are non-Newtonian at low temperature,apparent viscosity can varywith shear rate.3.2.2 calibration oils,noils with known viscosity andviscosity/temperature functionality that are used to define the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved April 1,2015.Published May 2015.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5293 14.DOI:10.1520/D5293-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 calibration relationship between viscosity and cold-crankingsimulator rotor speed.3.2.3 check oil,na batch of test oil used to monitormeasurement performance.3.2.4 test oil,nany oil for which the apparent viscosity isto be determined by use of this test method.3.2.5 viscoelastic oil,na non-Newtonian oil or fluid thatclimbs up the rotor shaft during rotation.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 An electric motor drives a rotor that is closely fittedinside a stator.The space between the rotor and stator is filledwith oil.Test temperature is measured near the stator inner walland maintained by removing heat with a controlled process tomaintain a constant stator temperature during test.The speed ofthe rotor is calibrated as a function of viscosity.Test