ASTM_D_5264_-_98_2011.pdf

Designation:D526498(Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forAbrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the SutherlandRub Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5264;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining theabrasion resistance of printed materials using the SutherlandRub Tester,or its equivalent,equipped with full-width rubberpads and using standardized receptors.1.2 This practice is applicable to labels,folding cartons,corrugated boxes,inserts,circulars,and other packaging ma-terials having applied graphics on a flat substrate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for TestingE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Terminology3.1 General definitions for packaging and distribution arefound in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 abrasion resistanceability of a printed surface toresist mechanical destruction.3.2.2 abrasivenessthe degree to which another materialcan abrade the surface of the test specimen.3.2.3 receptorfilm or paper of a specified abrasivenessonto which coatings(for example,ink or protective coating)removed from the specimen are deposited during the abrasiontest.4.Summary of Practice4.1 The test specimen is mounted on top of the rubber padon the Sutherland base and the receptor is cut to fit the 0.91-kg(2-lb)or the 1.81-kg(4-lb)weight(depending on which one isbeing used).The receptor is mounted to the weight.The testduration is determined by the number of strokes(a stroke is oneback-and-forth cycle)the sample is rubbed.The number ofstrokes desired is preset on the Sutherland Timer.The weight ismounted on the Sutherland and the machine is turned on.TheSutherland will shut off automatically when the desired numberof strokes is completed.4.2 The test specimen is removed from the Sutherland baseand examined for degree of print degradation.The receptor isanalyzed for the amount of ink transferred from the specimen.Results are compared to an agreed upon standard sample testedin the identical fashion.5.Significance and Use5.1 Abrasion resistance is a desirable and sometimes criticalproperty of printed materials.Abrasion damage can occurduring shipment,storage,handling,and end use.The result isa significant decrease in product appearance and legibility ofproduct information.The amount of abrasion damage to aprinted substrate is dependent on shipping conditions,possiblytemperature and humidity,time,and many other variables.Thispractice provides a way of comparing abrasion resistance ofprinted materials under laboratory conditions.5.2 This practice also can be used to evaluate the relativeabrasion resistance of printed inks,coatings,laminates,andsubstrates.5.3 This practice can be modified to measure the effects ofthe product(detergent powder,food,beverages,etc.)onabrasion resistance,as may occur in spillage or leakage intransit.5.4 This practice can provide a reasonably simple procedurethat can be used by both the buyer and the seller of printed1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packagingand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and Labels.Current edition approved April 1,2011.Published April 2011.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D526498(2004).DOI:10.1520/D5264-98R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 materials to determine if the product offered for sale meetssome predetermined standard for abrasion or scuff resistance.6.Apparatus6.1 Sutherland Rub Tester,3or its equivalent.See Fig.1 fora photograph of the Sutherland Tester and its attachments.7.Materials7.1 Standard receptors cut to fit the Sutherland ReceptorBlock 51 by 178 mm(2 by 7 in.).The receptor is then creased,using the scoring block that comes with the Sutherland RubTester.If not available,the receptor can be cut to 51 by 102 mm(2 by 4 in.)and fastened with pressure-sensitive tape outsi