ASTM_D_5165_-_12_2020.pdf

Designation:D516512(Reapproved 2020)Standard Practice forLaboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a ResinKettle1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5165;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for thegelation of a resin solution,ink varnish,or vehicle using a resinkettle.1.2 Guidance in preparing gelled vehicle samples suitablefor use in laboratory sample quantity oil-based printing inks isprovided.1.3 The procedure outlined is not intended as a means ofrating or evaluating resin or vehicle gelability,and is applicableonly if the solutions,varnishes,or vehicles produced are of arheology that is measurable by conventional ink and varnishindustry viscometers or rheometers.1.4 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to beregarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses arefor information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D154 Guide for Testing of Varnishes(Withdrawn 2018)3D1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids byBubble Time MethodD1725 Practice for Preparing Resin Solutions for ViscosityMeasurement by Bubble Time MethodD4040 Test Method for Rheological Properties of PastePrinting and Vehicles by the Falling-Rod ViscometerE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 gel or gelled vehicleany resin solution,or a morecomplex blend of resins and alkyds that has been cooked tobuild molecular weight or reacted with a gelling or crosslinkingagent(for example,organo-aluminum compounds)and exhib-its a pseudoplastic rheology.3.1.2 pregel or pregel vehiclethe resin solution or vehiclecomponents comprising the vehicle prior to the addition ofgelling agent and viscosity adjusting solvent.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe terms“vehicle”and“varnish”arecommonly used interchangeably.Some vehicle and varnishchemists,however,may consider a varnish to be a vehicle thatundergoes a chemical reaction during a cooking cycle.3.1.3 gel seed,na non-homogeneous,gelatinous particlein a gel vehicle,often the result of poor mixing or localizedover-reaction during gelation.4.Summary of Practice4.1 Prepare a pregel vehicle by dissolving all vehicle orvarnish components,or both,in a heated 1-L,resin kettle withinert gas blanket.4.2 Add gellant solution into the pregel vehicle.Mix usingthe suggested stirring rate at the prescribed reaction tempera-ture for 1 h.4.3 Remove the resin kettle from heat,evaluate,adjust ifnecessary,and re-evaluate.5.Significance and Use5.1 This practice provides a means of preparing gel vehiclesin laboratory equipment that most closely resembles produc-tion reactors.It can be used to predict the performance of gelvehicle components(resins,gellants,alkyds,etc.)in the usersequipment.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.Current edition approved June 1,2020.Published July 2020.Originally approvedin 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5165 12.DOI:10.1520/D5165-12R20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.5.2 An ample amount of gel vehicle can be prepared for usein preparing inks for press testing.6.Apparatus(see Fig.1)6.1 Balance or Scale,accurate to 0.1 g.6.2 Resin Kettle,1-L with 5-neck kettle head.6.3 Electric Stirrer,equipped with speed control.6.4 Glass Stirring R