ASTM_D_5133_-_15.pdf

Designation:D513315Standard Test Method forLow Temperature,Low Shear Rate,Viscosity/TemperatureDependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5133;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the appar-ent viscosity of engine oil at low temperatures.1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2 s-1is produced atshear stresses below 100 Pa.Apparent viscosity is measuredcontinuously as the sample is cooled at a rate of 1 C h overthe range 5 C to 40 C,or to the temperature at which theviscosity exceeds 40 000 mPas(cP).1.3 The measurements resulting from this test method areviscosity,the maximum rate of viscosity increase(GelationIndex),and the temperature at which the Gelation Indexoccurs.1.4 Applicability to petroleum products other than engineoils has not been determined in preparing this test method.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for LiquidPetroleum ProductsD3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline PumpingTemperature of Engine OilD4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 apparent viscosity,nthe viscosity obtained by use ofthis test method.3.1.1.1 DiscussionSee 3.1.6for definition of viscosity andunits.3.1.2 Newtonian oil,nan oil that,at a given temperature,exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates or shear stresses.3.1.3 non-Newtonian oil,nan oil that,at a giventemperature,exhibits a viscosity that varies with shear stress orshear rate.3.1.4 shear rate,nvelocity gradient perpendicular to thedirection of flow.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe SI unit for shear rate is the recip-rocal second(1/s;also s-1).3.1.5 shear stress,nforce per unit area in the direction offlow.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe SI unit for shear stress is the Pascal(Pa).3.1.6 viscosity,nthat property of a fluid which resists flow.3.1.6.1 DiscussionViscosity is defined as the ratio of theapplied shear stress(force causing flow)and the shear rate(resultant velocity of flow per unit distance from a stationarysurface wet by the fluid).Mathematically expressed:viscosity5 shear stress/shear rate or,symbolically,5/(1)in which the symbols in the second portion of Eq 1 aredefined by the terms in the first portion of the equation.The SI unit for viscosity used herein is milliPascal sec-onds(mPas).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:31This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved June 1,2015.Published June 2015.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5133 13.DOI:10.1520/D5133-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the equipment and materials known to thecommittee at this time is Tannas Co.,4800 James Savage Rd.,Midland,MI 48642.If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.1 air-binding oilsthose engine oils whose borderlinepumping temperatures are determined by a combination ofgelation and viscous flow.3.2.2 borderline pumping temperature,nthat temperatureat which an engine oil may have such poor flow characteristicsthat the engine oil pump may not be capable of supplyingsufficient lubricant to the engine.3.2.3 calibration oil,nNewtonian oils developed and usedto calibrate the viscometer drive module over the viscosityrange required for this test method.3.2.3.1 Discussionthese calibration oils are speciallyblended to give sufficient sensitivity and range for the specialviscometer head used.3.2.4 computer-programmed automated analysis,nuse ofmodern techn