Designation:D4917–97(Reapproved2007)AnAmericanNationalStandardStandardTestMethodforCoefficientofStaticandKineticFrictionofUncoatedWritingandPrintingPaperbyUseoftheHorizontalPlaneMethod1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD4917;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethoddescribesahorizontalplaneprocedureforthedeterminationofthecoefficientofstaticandkineticfrictionofpapermeasuredwhenslidingagainstitself.1.2Althoughthistestmethodisbasicinconcept,theprecisionstatementhasbeendevelopedonuncoatedwritingandprintingpapers.Whiletheuseofthistestmethodisrecommendedforthosegradesonly,itmaybeusedwithothertypesofpapersgivingspecificattentiontospecialpapercharacteristicsandwiththeunderstandingthattheprecisionandbiasmaynotbethesame.1.3Thehorizontalinstrumentrequiressomemeansofmovementofthespecimeninrelationtothesurfaceuponwhichitrests.Thecoefficientoffriction(COF)ismeasureddirectlyfromtheresistancetotangentialmotionandtheappliedweightpressingtwopiecesofpapertogether.1.4StaticCOFrelatestotheforcerequiredtoinitiatemovementbetweentwosurfaceswhilekineticCOFrelatestotheforcerequiredtocausecontinuationofthemovementatuniformspeed.1.5AninclinedplanemethodisdescribedinTestMethodD4918,whichgivessimilarresultsforstaticCOFbutTestMethodD4918cannotbeusedforthedeterminationofkineticCOF.Thechoiceofapproachdependsontheequipmentavailableandthemeansofmeasurement.1.6ThedeterminationofthischaracteristicforcorrugatedandsolidfiberboardisdescribedinTestMethodsD4521andD3247.ThesetestmethodsdifferinthatinTestMethodsD4521andD3247,thetwospecimensareallowedtoslipupononeanotherthreetimesbeforetheforcemeasurementisdetermined,whileinthistestmethodthedeterminationismadeonthefirstslip.1.7Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse....
