ASTM_D_4865_-_19.pdf

Designation:D486519An American National StandardStandard Guide forGeneration and Dissipation of Static Electricity in PetroleumFuel Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4865;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONEvery year a number of fires and explosions in petroleum product systems are attributed to sparkignition from accumulated static electricity.Such fires require a flammable hydrocarbon/air mixtureand an ignition source.Safety practices can concentrate on the elimination of either factor,but thisguide provides a general background on how electrostatic charges are formed and how they may beprevented or dissipated.A subtle and often misunderstood feature of these incidents is the possible accumulation ofhazardous electrostatic charges in systems which are properly bonded and grounded.This can occurbecause refined hydrocarbon fuels have low electrical conductivities and electrostatic charges may beretained within the fuel and on its surfaces.1.Scope*1.1 This guide describes how static electricity may begenerated in petroleum fuel systems,the types of equipmentconducive to charge generation,and methods for the safedissipation of such charges.This guide is intended to increaseawareness of potential operating problems and hazards result-ing from electrostatic charge accumulation.1.2 This guide is not intended to provide specific solutionsbut indicates available techniques the user may wish toinvestigate to alleviate electrostatic charges.This guide doesnot cover the effects of stray currents or of lightning,either ofwhich can also produce sparks leading to fires or explosions.1.3 This guide is not intended to address detailed safetypractices associated with static electricity in petroleum productsystems.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD975 Specification for Diesel FuelD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3699 Specification for Kerosine1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approved July 1,2019.Published July 2019.Originally approvedin 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4865 09(2014).DOI:10.1520/D4865-19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 D3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Char-acteristics ofAviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separom-eterD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts and Liquid Fuels(Mini Method)D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory