ASTM_D_4740_-_04_2014.pdf

Designation:D474004(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forCleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by SpotTest1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4740;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers separate procedures for deter-mining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the compatibilityof a residual fuel oil with a blend stock.It is applicable toresidual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt(1 cSt=1 mm2s)at 100C.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:3Reference Spot Sheet3.Terminology3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 blend stock,na finished residual fuel oil or fuel oilcomponent,including petroleum streams ranging from kero-sine to residuals and asphalt.3.1.2 cleanliness,n of residual fuel,the absence of sus-pended solids in a finished sample.3.1.3 compatibility,nof residual fuel,the absence ofsuspended solids when equal volumes of a sample and a blendstock are mixed together.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Cleanliness ProcedureA drop of the preheated andthoroughly mixed sample is put on a test paper and placed inan oven at 100C.After 1 h,the test paper is removed from theoven and the resultant spot is examined for evidence ofsuspended solids and rated for cleanliness using the D4740Adjunct Reference Spot Sheet.4.2 Compatibility ProcedureA blend composed of equalvolumes of the sample fuel oil and the blend stock is tested inthe same way as described in 4.1 and rated for compatibilityagainst D4740 Adjunct Reference Spot Sheet.5.Significance and Use5.1 The two procedures in this test method are used alone orin combination to identify fuels or blends that could result inexcessive centrifuge loading,strainer plugging,tank sludgeformation,or similar operating problems.5.2 A spot rating of Number 3 or higher on a finished fueloil by the cleanliness procedure indicates that the fuel containsexcessive suspended solids and is likely to cause operatingproblems.5.3 Although a fuel may test clean when subjected to thecleanliness procedure,suspended solids may precipitate when1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved May 1,2014.Published July 2014.Originally approvedin 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4740 04(2009).DOI:10.1520/D4740-04R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD4740.Original adjunct produced in 2000.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 the fuel is mixed with a blend stock.Evidence of suchincompatibility is indicated by a spot rating of Number 3 orhigher in the compatibility procedure.6.Apparatus6.1 Test PaperChromatographic or filter paper cut ordivided into appropriately sized squares,strips,or circles.Whatman#2 Qualitative filter paper4has been found to besuitable and was used in the interlaboratory round robin study.In case of dispute,use Whatman#2 Qualitative filter paper.Store the paper,without folding,rolling,or bending,in atightly closed container.6.2 Test Paper SupportFig.1 shows a suitable support formultiple samples spotted on the same test paper,which shall besupported in a horizontal position so nothing touches test areasof the paper.6.3 OvenAny convection oven capable of maintaining anair temperature of 100 6 2C.6.4 Reference Spot SheetAdjunct for D4740.6.5 Conical Flask,100-mL capacity.6.6 Heating Bath or Hot Plate,capable of heating sample toa temperature between 90 and 95C.6.7 Temperature Measuring Device,capable of accuratelymeasuring the temperature within the tolerances required in 6.3and 6.6,such as ASTM 1C thermometer,or liquid-in-glassthermometers,thermocouples,or platinum-resistance ther-mometers that provide equivalent or better accuracy andprecision may b