ASTM_D_5199-12.pdf

Designation:D5199-12INTERNATIONALStandard Test Method forMeasuring the Nominal Thickness of GeosyntheticsThis standard is issued under the fixed designation D5199;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.ScopeE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the nominalDetermine the Precision of a Test Methodthickness of geosynthetics,except textured and some struc-tured geomembranes where the entire surface of the presser3.Terminologyfoot cannot come into complete contact with the geosynthetic3.1 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles andsurface.geomembranes used in this standard,refer to Terminology1.2 This test method does not provide thickness values forD4439.For definition of other textile terms used in thisgeosynthetics under variable normal compressive stresses.Thisstandard,refer to Terminology D123.test method determines nominal thickness,not necessarily3.2 Definitions:minimum thickness.3.2.1 pressure,n-the force or load per unit area.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as3.2.2 thickness-(1)the distance between one planar surfacestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationand its opposite parallel and planar surface;(2)in the textilesonly.the distance between the upper and lower surfaces of the1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thematerial,measured under a specified pressure and time.safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the3.2.3 structured geomembrane,n-geomembrane consist-responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-ing of a flat core and protrusions on one or both sides 3.1.3 Forpriate safety and health practices and determine the applica-definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles and geomem-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.branes used in this standard,refer to Terminology D4439.2.Referenced Documents4.Summary of Test Method2.1 ASTM Standards:D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles4.1 The nominal thickness of geosynthetics is determinedD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textilesby observing the distance between two parallel surfacesD2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens forconfining the tested material while under a specified pressure,Textiles(Withdrawn 2008)3after 5 seconds.D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs)for Testing5.Significance and UseD4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics5.1 Thickness is one of the basic physical properties used toD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thicknesscontrol the quality of many geosynthetics.Thickness valuesof Geosyntheticscan be required for calculation of some geosynthetics proper-D5994 Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Tex-ties such as permeability and tensile stress,among others.tured Geomembranes5.2 The thickness of some geosynthetics may vary consid-erably with the applied normal load.Specific pressures andThis test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onsurfaces on which they are applied are indicated in this methodGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-ability and Filtration.to ensure all results are comparable.Current edition approved Feb.1,2012.Published February 2012.Originally5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5199-11.DOI:10.1520/D5199-mercial shipments of geosynthetics for which this method2 For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,oris applicable(see 1.1).contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onNoTE 1-The user should be aware that the compressibility of somethe ASTM website.materials,their rebound characteristics,and other phenomenon will affect3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onthe thickness of some geosynthetics,following the time when they arewww.astm.org.rolled up,shipped and stored.Copyright C ASTM Intenational,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States|D5199-126.Apparatus7.5 Number of Specimens-Unless otherwise agreed upon,6.1 Thickness Testing Instrument-The thickness gaugethickness measurements shall be conducted on 10 specimensshall have a base(or anvil)and a free moving presser foot platespread across the full width of the roll.whose planar faces are parallel to each other to 0.01 mm.A8.Conditioninggauge with a 56.4 mm(2.22 in.)diameter presser foot,the base8.1 Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium in theshall extend at least 10 mm(3/8 in)in all directions further thanatmosphere for testing geotextiles and geomembranes,that is,the edge of the 2500 mm2(3.88 in2)circular presser foot,shalltemperature of 21 2(704F)and relative humidity ofbe used for measurements of geotextiles,geocomposite drain-6010%.age materials,and geonets.A gauge with a 6.35 mm(0.250 in.)diameter presser foot and a base at least 6.35 mm(0.250 in)8.2 Moisture equilibrium is considered to have been reacheddiameter shall be used for geomembranes.The instrumentswhen the change in mass of the specimen,in successivemust be capable of measuring a maximum thickness of at leastweightings made at intervals of not less than 2 h,does not10 mm(3/8 in)to an accuracy of at least 0.02 mm(0.0008exceed 0.1%of the mass of the specimen.in.).The gauges shall be constructed to permit gradual appli-NoTE 4-It is recognized that in practice,a conditioning of 24 hours iscation of pressure to a specific force of 2 0.02 kPa(0.29sufficient to reach equilibrium for geotextiles and geomembranes which0.003 psi)for geotextiles and 20 0.2 kPa(2.90.03 psi)fordo not exhibit excessive moisture on reception.However,in case ofgeomembranes.Dead-weight loading may be used.dispute,the method described in 8.2 shall be preferred.6.1.1 The specified pressure of 2 or 20 kPa may not be9.Proceduresufficient to flatten some stiff geosynthetics.For these products,9.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-usage of a frame pressing firmly the outer edge of the specimensphere specified in 8.1.on the base of the thickness testing instrument can be used,toensure full contact of both the pressure foot and the base on the9.2 Handle the test specimens carefully to avoid altering thespecimen in the area of interest.However,care shall be givennatural state of the material.In particular,no tension shall beto avoid influencing the measurement,i.e.by applying someexerted in the plane of geotextiles or other easily deformablestress on the sample under the pressure foot.products.9.3 Procedure A-Geotextiles,planar geocomposite drain-NoTE 2-For HDPE geomembrane only,a pressure within a range of 50to 200 kPa can be used in place of,or in conjunction with the frameage materials,and geonets:With the force applied to thedescribed in6.1.1presser foot on the base(no test specimen present),zero theNoTE 3-Due to the compressibility of some types of geosynthetics,measuring scale or record the base reading.Lift the pressercutting and handling may influence the measurements.Care should befoot,center the test specimen on the base under the presserexercised to minimize these effects.foot,and bring the presser foot into contact with the material.Gradually increase the pressure to 2 kPa(0.29 psi).After the7.Samplingfull force has been applied to presser foot for 5 s against the7.1 Lot Sample-In the absence of other guidelines dividespecimen,record the thickness value to the nearest 0.02 mmthe product into lots and take lot samples as specified inand remove the specimen from the test device.Practice D4354.9.4 Procedure B-All geomembranes excluding textured orstructured geomembranes:With the force applied to the presser7.2 Laboratory Sample-Consider the units in the lotfoot on the base(no test specimen present),zero the measuringsample as the units in the laboratory sample.For the laboratoryscale or record the base reading.Lift the presser foot,centersample,take a full width sample of sufficient length along thethe specimen on the base under the presser foot,and bring theselvage or edge of the roll so that the requirements of 7.3-7.5presser foot into contact with the material.Gradually increasecan be met.Exclude the inner and outer wraps of the roll or anythe pressure to 20 kPa(2.9 psi).After the full force has beenmaterial containing folds,crushed areas or other distortions notapplied to presser foot for 5 s against the specimen,record therepresentative of the sampled lot.thickness value to the nearest 0.02 mm and remove the7.3 Remove test specimens from the laboratory sample in aspecimen from the test device.randomly distributed pattern across the width with no specimenNoTE 5-For textured or structured geomembranes,use ASTM D5994taken nearer than 100 mm(4 in.)from the selvage or roll edge,9.5 Procedure C-This method involves test conditionsunless otherwise specified.For geomembranes,include at leastone specimen taken no more than 152 mm(6 in.)from the(presser foot diameter,applied pressure)agreed upon by theedge,in the area which is likely to be welded.parties.It can be used only for products which cannot beevaluated per procedures A or B,or for research and develop-7.4 Test Specimens-From each unit in the laboratoryment.With the force applied to the presser foot on the base(nosample,remove the specimens so that the edge of the specimentest specimen present),zero the measuring scale or record thewill extend beyond the edge of the pressor foot by 10 mm(0.39base reading.Lift the presser foot,center the specimen on thein.)in all directions.If a frame is found to be necessary tobase under the presser foot,and bring the presser foot intoflatten stiff geosynthetics,the dimension of the specimen shallcontact with the material.Gradually increase the pressure tobe adapted to ensure that usage of the frame will not influencethe agreed-upon pressure.After the full force has been appliedthe measurement.to presser foot for 5 s against the specimen,record the2D5199-12Procedureble for testing of:ter of there appliedotAplanar drainage22in.)osi)s,geonets forhod is applicaBInes for whichin.)applicableCot listed abovemm or 56.4 mm20 kPa as agreedig textured geomembraneseed upon by the partiesthe partiesthickness value to the nearest 0.02 mm and remove the12.1.5 The respective coefficients of variation percentagesspecimen from the test device.for the test results may be obtained by dividing the abovenumbers by 2.8.Hence,for the four materials tested:10.Calculation10.1 Calculate the average of the thickness for all testRepeatabilityReproducibilityresults as read directly from the test instrument,as well as theMaterial A-8%Material A-12%Material B-4%Material B-8%coefficient of variation.Material C-3%Material C-7%Material D-5%Material D-6%11.Report12.2 Precision(Smooth Surfaced Geomembranes):11.1 The report for the nominal thickness shall include the12.2.1 Inter-Laboratory Test Program-An inter-following information:laboratory study of Test Method D5199 was performed in11.1.1 Project,type of geotextile or geomembrane tested,1994.Each of three laboratories tested ten randomly drawnand method of sampling.specimens from each of four materials.11.1.2 Name or description of thickness apparatus used for12.2.2 Result-The precision information given below hastesting.been calculated for the comparison of three test results,each of11.1.3 Dimensions of the specimen.which is the average of ten specimens.Four different materials11.1.4 Procedure used(A,B or C)as well as the diameter ofwere tested.the presser foot and the applied pressure.12.2.3 95%Repeatability Limit-The repeatability limit is11.1.5 Average nominal thickness,and5%of the test results.For the different materials,the repeat-11.1.6 Coefficient of variation of thickness in the sample,inability limits range from 8%to 2%.percent(optional).12.2.4 95%Reproducibility Limit(Between Laboratory)-11.1.7 Any unusual or out of standard conditions or obser-The reproducibility limit is 12%of the test results.For thevations made during the tests.different materials,the repeatability limits range from 18%to11.1.8 Any deviation from this procedure.8%.12.2.5 The respective coefficients of variation percentages12.Precision and Biasfor the test results may be obtained by dividing the above12.1 Precision(Geotextiles):numbers by 2.8.Hence,for the four materials tested:12.1.1 Inter-Laboratory Test Program-An inter-RepeatabilityReproducibilityMaterial A-1%Material A-4%laboratory study of Test Method D5199 was performed inMaterial B-1%Material B-7%1994.Each of six laboratories tested ten randomly drawnMaterial C-3%Material C-3%specimens from each of four materials.Material D-2%Material D-4%12.1.2 Result-The precision information given below hasbeen calculated for the comparison of six test results,each ofwhich is the average of ten specimens.Four different materials12.3 Precision(Geonet and Geocomposite):were tested.12.3.1 Inter-Laboratory Test Program-An inter-laboratory12.1.3 95%Repeatability Limit-The repeatability limit isstudy of Test Method D5199 was performed in 1999.Three14%of the test results.For the different materials,thesets(ten test specimens each)which were randomly drawnrepeatability limits range from 22%to 9%.from each material,one geonet and one double-sided12.1.4 95%Reproducibility Limit(Between Laboratory)geocomposite,that were tested for thickness in each of the fiveThe reproducibility limit is 23%of the test results.For thelaboratories.The design of the experiment,similar to that ofdifferent materials,the repeatability limits range from 33%toPractice E691,and a within-between analysis of the data are17%.given in an ASTM Research Report.4The design of the experiment,similar to that of Practice E691,and a5 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maywithin-between analyzer of the data will be available.be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D35-1009.3D5199-1212.3.2 Test Result-The precision information is given be-12.4 Bias-The procedure in this test method has no biaslow.The precision values are for the thickness test results andbecause the value of that property can only be defined in termsare in terms of coefficients of variation,CV%.of the test method.12.3.3 Precision:StatisticGeonetGeocomposite13.KeywordsAverage thickness,mm5.646.98Within-laboratory repeatability1.6%1.0%13.1 sample;selvage;specimenlimit,CV%rBetween-laboratory3.9%1.6%reproducibility limit,CV%R95%confidence limit,within-4.4%3.0%laboratory repeatability,2.8CV%r95%confidence limit,within-10.8%4.3%laboratory reproducibility,2.8CV%RASTM 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