Designation:D4677−87(Reapproved2013)StandardClassificationforRubberCompoundingMaterials—TitaniumDioxide1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD4677;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thisclassificationcoversthecompoundingmaterialknownastitaniumdioxide.Itisgenerallyusedinrubbercompoundstoimpartwhitenesstoselectedproducts.Typicalchemicalandphysicalpropertiesareincluded.1.2Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyproblems,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Table12.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:2D185TestMethodsforCoarseParticlesinPigmentsD280TestMethodsforHygroscopicMoisture(andOtherMatterVolatileUndertheTestConditions)inPigmentsD1208TestMethodsforCommonPropertiesofCertainPigmentsD1394TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofWhiteTita-niumPigmentsD3720TestMethodforRatioofAnatasetoRutileinTitaniumDioxidePigmentsbyX-RayDiffraction3.SignificanceandUse3.1Titaniumdioxideisusedinrubbercompoundingasacoloranttoimpartwhitenesstoanydesiredendproduct.Itisusedinsidewallsofautomobiletires.3.2ItischemicallyinertandslightlybasicwithapHof7.0to8.0.Thefree-chalking,weatheringpropertiesofanatasetitanium-dioxideprovidea(self-cleaning)whiteappearanceinoutdoorapplications.4.BasisofClassification4.1Titanium-DioxideByTypes:4.1.1TypeI—Anatase,free-chalking.4.1.2TypeII—Rutile,low/mediumchalkresistance.4.1.3TypeIII—Rutile,high-chalkresistance.5.CompositionandProperties5.1Thetitanium-dioxidecommonlyusedinrubberistheanataseType1material.Itisgenerally97to99%TiO2incomposition.Someantasegradeshaveaninorganicsurfacetreatment(thatis,oxidesofaluminumorsilicon),somehaveanorganictreatment;mosthaveverylittletreatment....
