ASTM_D_4581_-_86_2001.pdf

Designation:D 4581 86(Reapproved 2001)An American National StandardStandard Guide forMeasurement of Morphologic Characteristics of SurfaceWater Bodies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4581;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes the methods used for defining themorphologic characteristics of surface water bodies.This guidereferences manuals that provide various rationale and proce-dures necessary to conduct a morphologic survey.1.2 The references were written for specific agency use andmay not be applicable in all cases(16).21.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The SI units in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,refer to Terminology D 1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 large water bodieswater areas large enough torequire use of electronic horizontal positioning devices.3.2.2 morphologic surveyssurveys made to determineshape,depth,and volume of water bodies;also density,distribution,and volume of sediment and characteristics ofwatersheds contributing to the water body.3.2.3 small water bodieswater areas that can be surveyedusing stretched cables or visual triangulation for horizontalpositioning.4.Summary of Guide4.1 This standard provides guidance for conducting mea-surements and assembly of data into a standard format thatfacilitates comparative analysis of water body morphology ona national basis.5.Significance and Use5.1 No other standards presently exist for the survey ofwater body morphologic characteristics.The techniques de-scribed in the references represent the present state-of-art andcontain sufficient information to inform geologists and engi-neers of the kinds of information to be gathered and thetechniques to be used.5.2 The major categories of methodologies described in thereferences are:sounding,positioning,land surveys,sedimentproperties,sediment sampling techniques,photogrammetricmethods,calculating volume and area,morphologic base data,weighted sediment dry weight,reservoir operations,equip-ment,and reporting results.5.3 The references are intended as operational manuals anddo not describe experimental design.6.Procedure6.1 The references provide detailed information and proce-dures as follows:6.1.1 Field InvestigationsSection 3,Chapter 7 of the SCSNational Engineering Handbook describes field investigationsand survey techniques(1).Pages 1 to 31 specifically describeequipment,methods,notekeeping,computations,and reportsfor small water bodies.6.1.2 Sedimentation SurveysSpecifications were preparedby the Soil Conservation Service to allow contracting forservices to perform reservoir sedimentation surveys on smallwater bodies(2).These specifications are intended to meetSCS needs and should be used by others only as a guide inpreparing their own material.6.1.3 Methods for Water-Data AcquisitionDescriptions ofvarious techniques for measuring sediment are contained inRef(3).The section on reservoir surveys provides guidanceabout the kinds of work to be done and features to be1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved April 25,1986.Published November 1986.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis guide.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.considered.However,it is not intended as a detailed opera-tional manual.The scope of small and large reservoirs iscovered.6.1.4 Monitoring Reservoir SedimentationDetailed de-scriptions of most aspects of performing reservoir sedimenta-tion surveys that are applicable to small and large reservoirs arefound in Ref(4).Main topics include base reservoir data,selection of surveying method,and hydrographic surveys.6.1.5 HydrographicParametersinLargeSand-BedStreamsMany techniques are described in varying detail(5).The techniques are suitable for reservoirs,lakes andstreams.The main topics are hydrographic investigation pro-grams,horizontal positioning equipment and techniques,soundings,velocity measurements and suspended-sediment,bedload and bed-material sampling