ASTM_D_4740_-_20.pdf

Designation:D474020Standard Test Method forCleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by SpotTest1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4740;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers separate procedures for deter-mining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the compatibilityof a residual fuel oil with a blend stock.It is applicable toresidual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt(1 cSt=1 mm2s)at 100 C.This test method describes two protocols:onemanual and one automated.NOTE1This test method has not been evaluated for heavy distillatehaving the propensity to leave a wax sediment on the filter paper andcontain no residual asphaltene.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4870 Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment inResidual Fuels2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:3Reference Spot Sheet3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,seeTerminology D4175.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 blend stock,none component or more componentsused to make a final fuel product.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn heavy fuel oils,blend stocks includevarious refinery streams ranging from kerosine to heavydistillates,residuals,and asphalts.3.2.2 cleanliness,nof residual fuel,the concentration ofsuspended solids in a finished sample.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe lower the concentration of sus-pended solids,the cleaner the residual fuel.3.2.3 compatibility,nof residual fuel,the absence ofsuspended solids when equal volumes of a sample and a blendstock are mixed together.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Cleanliness Procedures,Manual and AutomatedAdrop of the preheated and thoroughly mixed sample is put ona test paper and placed in an oven at 100 C.After 1 h,the testpaper is removed from the oven and the resultant spot isexamined for evidence of suspended solids and rated forcleanliness using the D4740 Adjunct Reference Spot Sheet.4.2 Compatibility Procedures,Manual and AutomatedAblend composed of equal volumes of the sample fuel oil andthe blend stock is tested in the same way as described in 4.1and rated for compatibility against D4740 Adjunct ReferenceSpot Sheet.5.Significance and Use5.1 The four procedures in this test method are used alone orin combination to identify fuels or blends that could result in1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability,Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Sept.1,2020.Published September 2020.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D4740 19.DOI:10.1520/D4740-20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD4740.Original adjunct produced in 2000.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.excessive centrifuge loading,strainer plugging,tank sludgeformation,or similar operating problems.5.2 A spot rating of Number 3 or higher on a finished fueloil by the cleanliness procedure indicates that the fuel containsexcessive suspended solids and is likely to cause operatingpro