ASTM_D_5739_-_06_2013.pdf

Designation:D573906(Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forOil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography andPositive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution MassSpectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5739;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the use of gas chromatography andmass spectrometry to analyze and compare petroleum oil spillsand suspected sources.1.2 The probable source for a spill can be ascertained by theexamination of certain unique compound classes that alsodemonstrate the most weathering stability.To a greater orlesser degree,certain chemical classes can be anticipated tochemically alter in proportion to the weathering exposure timeand severity,and subsequent analytical changes can be pre-dicted.This practice recommends various classes to be ana-lyzed and also provides a guide to expected weatheringinduced analytical changes.1.3 This practice is applicable for moderately to severelydegraded petroleum oils in the distillate range from dieselthrough Bunker C;it is also applicable for all crude oils withcomparable distillation ranges.This practice may have limitedapplicability for some kerosenes,but it is not useful forgasolines.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3325 Practice for Preservation of Waterborne Oil SamplesD3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identificationof Waterborne OilsD3328 Test Methods for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-leum Oils by Gas ChromatographyD3414 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-leum Oils by Infrared SpectroscopyD3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne OilsD3650 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-leum Oils By Fluorescence AnalysisD5037 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-leum Oils by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(Withdrawn 2002)3E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-ships3.Summary of Practice3.1 The recommended chromatography column is a capil-lary directly interfaced to the mass spectrometer(either qua-drupole or magnetic).3.2 The low-resolution mass spectrometer is operated in thepositive ion electron impact mode,70 eV nominal.3.3 Mass spectral data are acquired,stored,and processedwith the aid of commercially available computer-based datasystems.4.Significance and Use4.1 This practice is useful for assessing the source for an oilspill.Other less complex analytical procedures(Test MethodsD3328,D3414,D3650,and D5037)may provide all of thenecessary information for ascertaining an oil spill source;however,the use of a more complex analytical strategy may benecessary in certain difficult cases,particularly for significantlyweathered oils.This practice provides the user with a means tothis end.4.1.1 This practice presumes that a“screening”of possiblesuspect sources has already occurred using less intensive1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysis forOrganic Substances in Water.Current edition approved Feb.15,2013.Published March 2013.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5739 06.DOI:10.1520/D5739-06R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 techniques.As a result,this practice focuses directly on thegeneration of data using preselected targeted compoundclasses.These targets are both petrogenic and pyrogenic andcan constitute both major and minor fractions of petroleumoils;they were chosen in order to develop a practice that isuniversally applicable to petroleum oil identification in generaland is also easy to handle and apply.This practice canaccommodate light oils and cracked products(exclusive ofgasoline)on the one hand,as well as residual oils on the other.4.1.2 This practice provides analytical characterizations ofpetroleum oils for comparison purposes.Certain classes ofsource-specific chemical compounds are targeted in this quali-tative comparison;these target compounds ar