ASTM_D_4646_-_03_2008.pdf

Designation:D464603(Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method for24-h Batch-Type Measurement of Contaminant Sorption bySoils and Sediments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4646;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determiningthe sorption affinity of waste solutes by unconsolidated geo-logic material in aqueous suspension.The waste solute may bederived from a variety of sources such as wells,underdrainsystems,or laboratory solutions such as those produced bywaste extraction tests like the Test Method D3987 shakeextraction method.1.2 This test method is applicable in screening and provid-ing relative rankings of a large number of geomedia samplesfor their sorption affinity in aqueous leachate/geomedia sus-pensions.This test method may not exactly simulate sorptioncharacteristics that would occur in unperturbed geologic set-tings.1.3 While this procedure may be applicable to both organicand inorganic constituents,care must be taken with respect tothe stability of the particular constituents and their possiblelosses from solution by such processes as degradation bymicrobes,light,or hydrolysis.This test method should not beused for volatile chemical constituents(see 6.1).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3987 Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste withWaterD4319 Test Method for Distribution Ratios by the Short-Term Batch Method(Withdrawn 2007)33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this test method refer toTerminology D1129.3.1.2 solutechemical species(for example,ion,molecule,etc.)in solution.3.1.3 sorbatechemical species sorbed by a sorbent.3.1.4 sorbenta substance that sorbs the solute from solu-tion(for example,soil,sediment,till,etc.).3.1.5 sorptiondepletion of an amount of solute initiallypresent in solution by a sorbent.3.1.6 sorption affnitythe relative degree of sorption thatoccurs by a geomedia.3.1.7 unconsolidated geologic material(geomedia)aloosely aggregated solid natural material of geologic origin(forexample,soil,sediment,till,etc.).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 distribution coeffcient,Kdthe ratio of the concentra-tion of solute sorbed on the soil or other geomedia divided byits concentration in solution.A 24-h Kdis the analogous ratioevaluated after 24 h of contact of the solute with the geomedia.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe dimensions of Kdreduce to unitsof volume per mass.It is convenient to express Kdin units ofmillilitres(or cubic centimetres)of solution per gram ofgeomedia.Dissimilar Kdvalues may be obtained if differentinitial solute concentrations are used,depending on the sorp-tion behavior of the solute and the properties of the geomedia(that is,nonlinear sorption curve).This concentration depen-dency may be absent where the solute concentrations are1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on WasteLeaching Techniques.Current edition approved Oct.1,2008.Published December 2008.Originallyapproved as ES 10 85.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D464603.DOI:10.1520/D4646-03R08.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 sufficiently low or the characteristics of the particular solute-sorbent combination yield Kdvalues that are independent of theconcentration of solute(that is,linear sorption curve).4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Distilled water,natural water,waste leachate,or otheraqueous solution containing a known concentration of a soluteis mixed with a known amount of unconsolidated geologicmaterial(geomedia)for 24 h.After 24 h,equilibrium betweenthe solid and solution phase is presumed to occur.Theconcentration of solute remaining in solution is measured andthe