ASTM_D_461_-_93.pdf

Designation:D 461 93Standard Test Methods forFelt1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 461;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods are applicable to all types of feltcovered by Specification D 2475 and as defined in Section 3herein.1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:SectionAcid Content27Air Permeability18Referenced Documents2Ash26Bursting Strength13Conditioning7Terminology3Dimensional Changes(Relaxation Shrinkage)in BoilingWater-Lengthand Width15Fiber Identification24Flame Resistance20Length of Roll8Matter Extracted by 1,1,1-Trichloroethane22Matter Extracted by Water23Oil Retention21Oil Wicking29pH28Sampling Lots and Test Specimens6Splitting Resistance14Stiffness19Summary of Test Methods4Tensile Strength,“Breaking Load,”and“Specific Strength”12Thickness of Conditioned Specimens10Thickness Change After Exposure to Boiling Waterand Subsequent Drying16Significance and Use5Water Retained17Weight per Unit Area11Width of Roll or Sheet9Wool Content(Matter Soluble in a Solution of Sodium Hydroxide)251.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describethe properties of materials,products,or assemblies in responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions andshould not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard orfire risk of materials,products,or assemblies under actual fireconditions.However,results of this test may be used aselements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account allof the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the firehazard of a particular end use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warningstatements are given in Note 9 and 25.4.NOTE1The word“weight”is used in these test methods because ofcommon trade practice,in place of the technically correct word“mass.”2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex-tiles2D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2D 276 Test Method for Identification of Fibers in Textiles2D 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles2D 737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics2D 774 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Paper3D 1388 Test Methods for Stiffness of Fabrics2D 1574 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Wool2D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing2D 2165 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Extracts of Wooland Similar Animal Fibers2D 2475 Specification for Wool Felt2E 70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with theGlass Electrode42.2Other Standards:TT-I-563a Federal Specifications for Ink,Writing5U.S.Military Standard MIL-105D Sampling Proceduresand Tables for Inspection by Attributes53.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 acid content,nof felt,the number of milliequiv-alents of acid present per unit weight of felt,measured underprescribed conditions.3.1.2 dimensional change in boiling water in felt,nthechange in length and width with any associated change inthickness produced by immersion in boiling water underspecified conditions.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Felt.Current edition approved Feb.15,1993.Published March 1993.Originallypublished as D 461 37 T.Last previous edition D 461 87.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.09.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.05.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4 Section D,700Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA 19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.3.1.3 extractable matter,nnonfibrous material in or on atextile,not including water,which is removable by a specifiedsolvent or solvents,as directed in a specified procedure.3.1.3.1 DiscussionNonfibrous material is usually oily,waxy,resinous,or polymeric in nature,but may also includeother material such as protein,particularly if ethyl alcohol isused as,or in,the extracting solvent.3.1.4 flame resistance,nthe property of a materialwhereby flaming combustion is prevented,terminated,orinhibited following application of a flaming or nonflamingsource of ignition,with or without subsequent removal of theignition source.3.1.5 part wool felt,na felt composed of any one of or acombination of new and recycled wool fibers mixed with oneor more man-made fibers,vegetable fibers,or animal fibersother than wool.3.1.6 pH,nin