ASTM_D_4609_-_08.pdf

Designation:D460908Standard Guide forEvaluating Effectiveness of Admixtures for SoilStabilization1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4609;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This guide describes laboratory techniques for evaluat-ing the effectiveness of admixtures for improving the engineer-ing properties of fine-grained soils.1.2 Effectiveness is assessed by comparing the unconfinedcompressive strength(UCS),moisture susceptibility,andmoisture-density relationships(MD)of treated and untreatedsoils.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples forParticle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-stantsD422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort(12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strengthof Cohesive SoilD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples forParticle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-stantsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD3877 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion,Shrinkage,and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime MixturesD4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit,Plastic Limit,andPlasticity Index of Soils2.2 AASHTO Documents:3SPEL Special Products Evaluation ListT 99 Moisture-Density Relations of Soils,Using a 5.5-lb(2.5-kg)Rammer and a 12-in.(305-mm)Drop33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor common definitions of soil and rockterms in this standard,refer to Terminology D653.4.Summary of Guide4.1 Soil stabilizers are screened by comparing the results ofa suite of engineering soil tests conducted on untreated soil andthe same soil treated at appropriate amounts of the materialbeing evaluated.Effectiveness is assessed by comparing the1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved July 1,2008.Published July 2008.Originally approvedin 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4609 01.DOI:10.1520/D4609-08.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials(AASHTO),444 N.Capitol St.,NW,Suite 249,Washington,DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 Atterberg limits,MD,UCS,and resistance to moisture oftreated and untreated soil samples.5.Significance and Use5.1 This guide is intended to assist users and producers ofsoil modifiers,and stabilizers in the evaluation of a productspotential for improving a soils engineering properties(such asdeformation under load,shear strength,and volume stability).5.2 The results of these tests can be used to make a decisionto continue experimentation to assess longevity,durability,andpractical value,and establish appropriate rates of applicationfor field trials.NOTE1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it,and thesuitability