ASTM_D_5390_-_93_2013.pdf

Designation:D539093(Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forOpen-Channel Flow Measurement of Water with Palmer-Bowlus Flumes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5390;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers measurement of the volumetricflowrate of water and wastewater in sewers and other openchannels with Palmer-Bowlus flumes.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The SI units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1941 Test Method for Open Channel Flow Measurementof Water with the Parshall FlumeD2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on WaterD3858 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurementof Water by Velocity-Area MethodD5242 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurementof Water with Thin-Plate Weirs2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4359 Liquid Flow Measurement in Open ChannelsRectangular,Trapezoidal and U-Shaped FlumesISO 555 Liquid Flow Measurements in Open ChannelsDilution Methods for Measurement of Steady FlowConstant Rate Injection Method32.3 ASME Standard:4Fluid Meters Their Theory and Application3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod refer to Terminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 boundary layer displacement thickness the bound-ary layer is a layer of fluid flow adjacent to a solid surface(inthis case,the flume throat)in which,owing to viscous friction,the velocity increases from zero at the stationary surface to anessentially frictionless-flow value at the edge of the layer.Thedisplacement thickness is a distance normal to the solid surfacethat the surface and flow streamlines can be considered to havebeen displaced by virtue of the boundary-layer formation.3.2.2 critical flowopen channel flow in which the energyexpressed in terms of depth plus velocity head,is a minimumfor a given flowrate and channel.The Froude number is unityat critical flow.3.2.3 Froude numbera dimensionless number expressingthe ratio of inertial to gravity forces in free-surface flow.It isequal to the average velocity divided by the square root of theproduct of the average depth and the acceleration due togravity.3.2.4 headthe depth of flow referenced to the floor of thethroat measured at an appropriate location upstream of theflume;this depth plus the velocity head is often termed the totalhead or total energy head.3.2.5 hydraulic jumpan abrupt transition from supercriti-cal flow to subcritical or tranquil flow,accompanied byconsiderable turbulence or gravity waves,or both.3.2.6 long-throated flumea flume in which the prismaticthroat is long enough relative to the head for essentially criticalflow to develop on the crest.3.2.7 primary instrumentthe device(in this case theflume)that creates a hydrodynamic condition that can besensed by the secondary instrument.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved Jan.1,2013.Published January 2013.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5390 93(2007).DOI:10.1520/D5390-93R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),ASMEInternational Headquarters,Three Park Ave.,New York,NY 10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.8 Reynolds numbera dimensionless number express-ing the ratio of inertial to viscous forces in a flow.In a flumethroat the pertinent Reynolds number is equal to the(critical)throat velocity multiplied by the throat length and divided bythe kinematic viscosity of the water.3.2.9 scow floatan in-stream float for depth sensing,usually mounted on a hinged cantilever.3.2.10 secondary instrumentin this case,a device thatmeasures the depth of flow(referenced to the throat elevation)at an appropriate location upstre