ASTM_D_5277_-_92_2015.pdf

Designation:D527792(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forPerforming Programmed Horizontal Impacts Using anInclined Impact Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5277;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the procedures for reproducingand comparing shock damage,such as that which may resultfrom rail switching or pallet marshalling impacts,using anincline impact tester.It is suitable for simulating the types ofshock pulses experienced by lading in rail switching of rail carswith standard draft gear,but not for those with long travel draftgear or cushioned underframes.The test method can also beused for pallet marshalling tests.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardsstatements,see Section 6.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Contain-ers and SystemsD996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal ImpactTest for Shipping Containers and SystemsD4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for TestingE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral terms and definitions used in thistest method may be found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 programming materiala resilient elastomer withcharacteristics suitable to control the shock pulse generated,orany other suitable means of control.3.2.2 velocity changethe sum of the velocity at impact andthe rebound velocity.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method is for use in evaluating the capability ofa container or shipping system to withstand sudden shocks andcrushing forces,such as those generated from rail switchingimpacts or pallet marshalling,or to evaluate the capability of acontainer and its inner packing,or shipping system,to protectits contents during the sudden shocks and crushing forcesresulting from rail switching or pallet marshalling impacts.This test method may also be used to compare the performanceof different container designs or shipping systems.The testmay also permit observation of the progressive failure of acontainer or shipping system and damage to the contents.SeePractice D4169 for additional guidance.4.2 This test method is not suitable for reproducing impactresulting from the switching of rail cars using long-travel draftgear or cushioned underframes.Refer to Method D4003(revised)as a more suitable method for testing under thesecircumstances,or when more precise control of shock inputs isrequired.5.Apparatus5.1 Inclined Impact Test Equipment,conforming to thefollowing requirements:5.1.1 The incline track,backstop,and carriage shall con-form to the requirements of Method D880,except that the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContainers and Systems-Application of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved April 1,2015.Published May 2015.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5277 92(2008).DOI:10.1520/D5277-92R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 backstop need not have a solid steel plate surface or a solidintegral mass at least 50 times the mass of the test specimen.5.1.1.1 No removable hazard shall be fitted.5.1.1.2 In lieu of steel wheels,wheels of polyoxymethylene(Delrin)plastic may be used in order to reduce noise andimprove shock pulse recording.5.1.2 Aprogramming material or device is required to shapeand control the shock pulse seen by the test specimen(s).Thismaterial or device may be fastened to either the backstop or theimpacting face of the bulkhead.Any material