ASTM_D_5182_-_97_2014.pdf

Designation:D518297(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forEvaluating the Scuffing Load Capacity of Oils(FZG VisualMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5182;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method,the Forschungstelle fr Zhnrder undGetriebebau(Research Site for Gears and Transmissions)Visual Method,commonly referred to as the FZG VisualMethod,is intended to measure the scuffing load capacity ofoils used to lubricate hardened steel gears.Scoring,a form ofabrasive wear,is also included as a failure criteria in this testmethod.It is primarily used to assess the resistance to scuffingof mild additive treated oils such as industrial gear oils,transmission fluids,and hydraulic fluids.High EP type oils,forexample,those oils meeting the requirements of API GL-4 andGL-5,generally exceed the capacity of the test rig and,therefore,cannot be differentiated with this test method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific safetyinformation,see Section 7,Section 8,9.2,9.3.1,and AnnexA1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits(Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 DIN Standard:3DIN 51 354 Teil 1 FZG Zahnrad Verspannungs PrfmaschineAllgemeine Arbeitsgrundlagen3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 See also Terminology G40.3.1.2 abrasive wearwear due to hard particles or hardprotuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface.3.1.3 adhesive wear(scuffng)wear due to localized bond-ing between contacting solid surfaces leading to materialtransfer between the two surfaces or loss from either surface.3.1.4 scoringa severe form of wear characterized by theformation of extensive grooves and scratches in the direction ofsliding.3.1.5 scratchesthe result of mechanical removal ordisplacement,or both,of material from a surface by the actionof abrasive particles or protuberances sliding across the sur-faces.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 polishinga mild form of abrasive wear resulting inminor loss of material and typically characterized by a smoothfinish and removal of all or part of the initial grinding marks.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 An FZG Gear Test Machine is operated at constantspeed(1450 rpm)for a fixed period(21700 revolutionsapproximately 15 min)at successively increasing loads untilthe failure criteria is reached;the initial oil temperature is 90Cbeginning at load stage four(see Table 1).The test gears areexamined initially and after the prescribed duration at eachload stage for cumulative damage(scuffing)to the gear toothflanks.5.Significance and Use5.1 The transmission of power in many automotive andindustrial applications is accomplished through the use ofgeared systems.At higher operating speeds it is well known1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.L0.11on Tribiological Properties of Industrial Fluids andLubricates.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published February 2014.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D518297(2008).DOI:10.1520/D5182-97R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH(DIN-DIN Deutsches Institut furNormung e.V.),Burggrafenstrasse 6,10787,Berlin,Germany.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 that the lubricant/additive system can be a significant factor inpreventing scuffing(adhesive wear)damage to gears.This testmethod is used to screen the scuffing load capacity of oils usedto lubricate spur and helical(parallel axis)gear units.5.2 The test method is limited by the capabilities of theequipment(test rig and gears),and the performance observedmay not directly relate to scuffing performance observed withspiral bevel on hypoid gearing.It is also limited to discrimi-nating between oils with mild EP additives or less.Lubricantscontaining higher levels of additives,that is,those meeting therequirements of API GL4 or GL5,generally exceed themaximum load capacit