ASTM_D_4987_-_99_2003.pdf

Designation:D 4987 99(Reapproved 2003)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forTensile Breaking Strength of Perforations in One-PartContinuous Forms Paper1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4987;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the procedure for testing thetensile breaking strength of the perforations in one-part con-tinuous forms.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,or Related ProductsD 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD 828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper andPaperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation ApparatusE 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate aMeasure of Quality for a Lot or ProcessD 1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions shall be in accordance with Terminology D1968 and the Dictionary of Paper3.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 ASTM test methods for tensile strength form the basisof this test.The size of test specimens may be modified toaccommodate the characteristics of the material that is beingtested.5.Significance and Use5.1 Minimum tensile strength of the perforation is importantto assure that the form will not prematurely break apart duringthe printing,converting,and forms handling operation.5.2 Where the various parts are detached for further pro-cessing maximum tensile strength of the perforation is impor-tant in the various operations to which the form is subjected.6.Interferences6.1 Avoid manipulation by folding and refolding a perfora-tion since this will cause weakening of the ties in theperforation.The folded specimen should not be unfolded untiljust prior to testing.6.2 To avoid placing uneven stress on the perforation,exercise extreme care in placing the test piece in the jaws of thetensile tester to be sure that the strip is not skewed.Unevenstress results in a“tear effect rather than the“tensile effect.7.Apparatus7.1 Tensile Tester Testing machines meeting the require-ments of Test Method D 828.NOTE1Test Method D 828 describes the apparatus and calibration ofthe instrument to be used for conducting tests described in this testmethod.The sampling,test specimen,and procedure portions of the testshould follow the instructions given in this test method.7.2 Specimen Cutter A device for cutting test specimenswith clean and parallel edges to a width of 25.4 6 1 mm(160.04 in.).8.Sampling8.1 For acceptance sampling,obtain the sample in accor-dance with Practice D 585.8.2 When sampling for other purposes,use Practice E 122as an alternative.8.3 From the material obtained in 8.1 or 8.2,select sufficienttest units of each sample to meet the requirements of 8.5 and8.6 as follows:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 on TestMethods.Current edition approved March 10,1999.Published May 1999.Originallypublished as D 4987 89.Last previous edition D 4987 94.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry,P.O.Box 105113,Atlanta,GA 30348.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.8.3.1 Folded perforationsTake consecutive duplicatesamples of the perforation folded so that the front printing isnot visible(infold perforation)and consecutive duplicatesamples so that the front printing is visible(outfold perfora-tion).8.3.2 Unfolded perforations perpendicular to the machineor web directionTake duplicate samples of each perforationbetween consecutive“infold perforations.8.3.3 Unfolded perforations parallel to the machine or webdirectionTake duplicate samples of each perforation,thelength of which should be the distance between two consecu-tive“infold perforations.8.4 In preparing test specimens for the folded perforation,cut the specimen without unfolding the perforation.8.5 On the folded or horizontal perforations,select ten testspecimens or enough to represent 50%of the width from a fullperforation from each of the duplicate samples.8.6 For vertical perforations,select ten test specimens orenough to