ASTM_D_5864_-_18.pdf

Designation:D586418Standard Test Method forDetermining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricantsor Their Components1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5864;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degreeof aerobic aquatic biodegradation of fully formulated lubri-cants or their components on exposure to an inoculum underlaboratory conditions.1.2 This test method is intended to specifically address thedifficulties associated with testing water insoluble materialsand complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants.1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to alllubricants that are not volatile and are not inhibitory at the testconcentration to the organisms present in the inoculum.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazards are discussed in Section 10.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD4447 Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals andSamplesD5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon,Hydrogen,and Nitrogen in Petroleum Productsand LubricantsE943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronmental Fate2.2 ISO Standard:34259:1992(E)Petroleum ProductsDetermination and Ap-plication of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test2.3 APHA Standard:42540B Total Solids Dried at 103105C9215 Heterotrophic Plate Count3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions of terms applicable to this test method thatare not described herein appear in the ASTM Online Dictionaryof Engineering Science and Technology5or Terminology E943.3.1.2 aerobic,adj(1)taking place in the presence ofoxygen,(2)living or active in the presence of oxygen.3.1.3 biodegradation,nthe process of chemical break-down or transformation of a material caused by organisms ortheir enzymes.3.1.3.1 DiscussionBiodegradation is only one mechanismby which materials are transformed in the environment.3.1.4 biomass,nbiological material including any mate-rial other than fossil fuels which is or was a living organism orcomponent or product of a living organism.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn biology and environmental science,biomass is typically expressed as density of biological materialper unit sample volume,area,or mass(g biomass/g(or/mLor/cm2)sample);when used for products derived fromorganisms biomass is typically expressed in terms of mass(kg,MT,etc.)or volume(L,m3,bbl,etc.).3.1.4.2 DiscussionProducts of living organisms includethose materials produced directly by living organisms as1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants.Current edition approved June 1,2018.Published June 2018.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5864 17.DOI:10.1520/D5864-18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.4From Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,latestedition.Available from the American Public Health Association,1015 18th St.,N.W.,Washington,DC 20036.5ASTMOnlineDictionaryofEngineeringScienceandTechnology(Stock#DEFONLINE)is available on theASTM website,www.astm.org,or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 metabolites(for example,ethanol,various carbohy