ASTM_D_5185_-_18.pdf

Designation:D518518Standard Test Method forMultielement Determination of Used and Unused LubricatingOils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma AtomicEmission Spectrometry(ICP-AES)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5185;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONCosts associated with maintenance due to engine and machine wear can be significant.Therefore,diagnostic methods for determining the condition of engines and other machinery can be important.This test method is intended to quantify,for the purpose of equipment monitoring,the concentrationof metals in used lubricating oils.Although the precision statement was determined by analyzing avariety of used oils this test method can,in principle,be used for the analysis of unused oils to providemore complete elemental composition data than Test Methods D4628,D4927,or D4951.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of additiveelements,wear metals,and contaminants in used and unusedlubricating oils and base oils by inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).The specific ele-ments are listed in Table 1.1.2 This test method covers the determination of selectedelements,listed in Table 1,in re-refined and virgin base oils.1.3 For analysis of any element using wavelengths below190 nm,a vacuum or inert-gas optical path is required.Thedetermination of sodium and potassium is not possible on someinstruments having a limited spectral range.1.4 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibrationand does not purport to quantitatively determine insolubleparticulates.Analytical results are particle size dependent,andlow results are obtained for particles larger than a fewmicrometers.21.5 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limitof the calibration curves can be determined with additional,appropriate dilutions and with no degradation of precision.1.6 For elements other than calcium,sulfur,and zinc,thelow limits listed in Table 2 and Table 3 were estimated to be tentimes the repeatability standard deviation.For calcium,sulfur,and zinc,the low limits represent the lowest concentrationstested in the interlaboratory study.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warning statements are given in 6.1,8.2,and 8.4.1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C1109 Practice for Analysis of Aqueous Leachates fromNuclear Waste Materials Using Inductively Coupled1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved April 1,2018.Published April 2018.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5185 131.DOI:10.1520/D5185-18.2Eisentraut,K.J.,Newman,R.W.,Saba,C.S.,Kauffman,R.E.,and Rhine,W.E.,Analytical Chemistry,Vol 56,1984.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1Plasma-Atomic Emission SpectroscopyD1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHigh Temperature Combustion and Infrared(IR)Detec-tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection(TCD)D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for U