ASTM_D_5117_-_09.pdf

Designation:D511709Standard Test Method forDye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced PultrudedStock1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5117;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This dye-penetrant test method covers a means ofevaluating solid fiberglass all-roving reinforced pultruded rodor bar stock for longitudinal wicking.There are generally threemechanisms that promote wicking,any or all of which may beoperating at a given time.NOTE1The specimens cross-section may reflect delaminations,longitudinal continuous voids,or the presence of hollow fibers,or allthree.Occasionally these flaws may be detected by this test,but other testsare usually required.1.2 The results of a wicking test are dependent on specimentype and size,penetrant type,time of exposure in the penetrant,penetrant viscosity,etc.Any attempt to use a wicking test toestablish specification criteria should be made with great care.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see 10.3 and 10.6.NOTE2There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD3918 Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pul-truded ProductsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 wickingtransmission of a gas or liquid due to pres-sure differential or capillary action along fibers incorporated ina fiberglass reinforced pultruded product.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 All-roving pultruded rod stock is tested by placing thespecimen(s)on end into the dye penetrant to a specified depthand observing the wicking action as spots,or dots,on theopposite,dry face.4.2 The wicking action through the length of the specimenis due to the capillary action of the penetrant through the openpathways in the composite.These pathways are typicallyoccupied by air and can be caused by continuous voids,cracks,or hollow fibers,or all three,in the reinforcement.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful for establishing the integrityof composite rod.The presence of voids,cracks,and hollowfibers are considered detrimental to the structural integrity ofthe composite and may cause reduced electrical resistance andincreased current leakage.5.2 A perfect composite would be flaw-free,and therewould be no possibility of wicking.Composites of this type arevirtually nonexistent,as there will typically be entrapped air inthe resin developed during manufacture,occasional hollowfibers,and occasional cracks due to thermal stresses.5.3 This test method is intended to provide a tool formeasuring the extent of wicking in a composite over very shortlengths of material for comparative purposes.The presence ofwicking over 1 in.(2.54 cm)lengths may not necessarily implythat the composite will perform unsatisfactorily for its intendedend-use.Therefore,interpretation of test results should bemade with care.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-ting Plastics.Current edition approved Sept.1,2009.Published September 2009.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5117-03.DOI:10.1520/D5117-09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.4 This test method was developed as a technique forestimating quality and consistency of pultruded rod and barstock,which is a composite of resin and all-roving reinforce-ment.The manufacturing process may also affect the quality ofthe product.It should be useful for a manufacturer in deter-mining whether any gross changes in quality have taken placedue to process or raw material changes.5.5 Since the results of this t