Designation:D5777−00(Reapproved2011)´1StandardGuideforUsingtheSeismicRefractionMethodforSubsurfaceInvestigation1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD5777;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ε1NOTE—Addedaunitsstatementasnew1.1.1andrevisedSection3editoriallyinJuly2011.1.Scope1.1PurposeandApplication—Thisguidecoverstheequipment,fieldprocedures,andinterpretationmethodsfortheassessmentofsubsurfaceconditionsusingtheseismicrefrac-tionmethod.Seismicrefractionmeasurementsasdescribedinthisguideareapplicableinmappingsubsurfaceconditionsforvarioususesincludinggeologic,geotechnical,hydrologic,environmental(1),mineralexploration,petroleumexploration,andarchaeologicalinvestigations.Theseismicrefractionmethodisusedtomapgeologicconditionsincludingdepthtobedrock,ortowatertable,stratigraphy,lithology,structure,andfracturesorallofthese.Thecalculatedseismicwavevelocityisrelatedtomechanicalmaterialproperties.Therefore,characterizationofthematerial(typeofrock,degreeofweathering,andrippability)ismadeonthebasisofseismicvelocityandothergeologicinformation.1.1.1ThegeotechnicalindustryusesEnglishorSIunits.1.2Limitations:1.2.1Thisguideprovidesanoverviewoftheseismicrefractionmethodusingcompressional(P)waves.Itdoesnotaddressthedetailsoftheseismicrefractiontheory,fieldprocedures,orinterpretationofthedata.Numerousreferencesareincludedforthatpurposeandareconsideredanessentialpartofthisguide.Itisrecommendedthattheuseroftheseismicrefractionmethodbefamiliarwiththerelevantmate-rialinthisguideandthereferencescitedinthetextandwithappropriateASTMstandardscitedin2.1.1.2.2Thisguideislimitedtothecommonlyusedapproachtoseismicrefractionmeasurementsmadeonland.Theseismicrefractionmethodcanbeadaptedforanumberofspecialuses,onland,withinaboreholeandonwater.However,adiscussionoftheseo...
