ASTM_D_5735_-_95_2001.pdf

Designation:D 5735 95(Reapproved 2001)Standard Test Method forTearing Strength on Nonwoven Fabrics by the Tongue(Single Rip)Procedure(Constant-Rate-of-Extension TensileTesting Machine)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5735;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearingstrength of nonwoven fabrics by the tongue(single rip)procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension(CRE)tensile testing machine.1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become thepreferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearingstrength.It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse(CRT)tensile testing machines continue to be used.As aconsequence,these test instruments may be used when agreedupon between the purchaser and the supplier.The conditionsfor the CRT-type tensile tester as used with this test areincluded in Appendix X1.1.2 This test method applies to most nonwoven fabricsincluding those that are treated or untreated,including thoseheavily sized,coated or resin treated,provided that during thetest,the fabric does not tear in the direction crosswise to thedirection of the force applied.This test method may not beuseful for highloft nonwoven fabrics.If the tear is notsubstantially lengthwise,the fabric shall be described asuntearable in that direction by this test.1.3 Tongue tear strength as measured in this method is themaximum single-peak force required to continue or propagatea tear started previously in the specimen.The reported valueincludes the simultaneous force required to shift fibers,breakfibers,break fiber bonds and break fiber interlocks in non-woven fabric.The reported value is not directly related to theforce required to initiate or start a tear.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The inch-pound units given in parentheses may beapproximate.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex-tiles2D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing2D 4848 Terminology of Force and Deformation Propertiesfor Textiles33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lengthwise direction,nin textiles,the direction in amachine-made fabric parallel to the direction of movement thefabric followed in the manufacturing machine.3.1.1.1 DiscussionFor nonwovens,an easily distinguish-able pattern for orientation may not be apparent,especially ifremoved from the roll.Care should be taken to maintain thedirectionality by clearly marking the direction.3.1.2 nonwoven fabric,na textile structure produced bybonding or interlocking of fibers,or both,accomplished bymechanical,chemical,thermal,or solvent means and combi-nation thereof.3.1.3 tearing force,nthe average force required to con-tinue a tear previously started in a fabric.3.1.3.1 DiscussionFor nonwovens,the tearing force isrecorded as the maximum force required to continue a tearpreviously started in a fabric.The tearing force may appear asa single peak or a series of peaks on a force-extension curve,depending on the nature of the material.Typically for non-woven fabrics,if a small decrease in force occurs at a timewhen the applied force is increasing,it is not considered as apeak unless the indicated force exceeds the force required tobreak,individually or collectively,the fibers,fiber bonds,orfiber interlocks.Lower shifts corresponding to fiber movementdo not qualify as peaks since the fibers,fiber bonds,or fiberinterlocks are not broken.The tongue tearing force may becalculated from a single-peak or multiple-peak force-extensioncurve.3.1.4 tearing strength,nthe force required either to startor to continue or propagate a tear in a fabric under specifiedconditions.3.1.5 widthwise direction,nin textiles,the direction in a1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.64 on Non-Woven Fabric.Current edition approved June 15,1995.Published September 1995.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 07.02.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.machine-made fabric perpendicular to the direction of move-ment the fabric followed in the manufacturing machine.3.1.6 For other definitions of other textile terms used in thistest method,refer to Terminology D 123 and TerminologyD 4848.4.Summary of Test Method4.1