ASTM_D_5455_-_93_2003.pdf

Designation:D 5455 93(Reapproved 2003)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forShort-Term Liquid Sorption Into Paper(Bristow Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5455;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method measures the amount of test fluidabsorbed onto the surface of a paper specimen under specifiedtest conditions.1.2 The conditions required in this test method specifyreagent water as the absorbed test fluid,and a calculated timeavailable for test fluid absorption of 1.6 s.1.3 This test method may also be used for the measurementof solution absorption of liquids other than water havingviscosities up to 100 millipascal seconds,including but notlimited to inks and other water or solvent-based fluids,forsurfaces other than paper,and for calculated time periodsavailable for fluid absorption ranging from about 0.01 to about4.0 s,or any combination of these variables,upon prioragreement of those involved.1.4 Further information regarding the use of this test methodunder conditions other than the standard ones in accordancewith 1.2 are included in Appendix X1.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 528 Test Method for Machine Direction of Paper andPaperboardD 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related ProductD 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper ProductsD 5039 Test Methods for Identification of Wire Side ofPaperE 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate aMeasure of Quality for a Lot or ProcessE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this TestMethod,refer to Terminology D 1968 or Dictionary of Paper34.Summary of Test Method4.1 A test specimen of defined dimensions is affixed to thesmooth rim of a wheel free to rotate at a defined constant speedin contact with a stationary test fluid applicator pressing againstthe test specimen with a defined pressure.The test fluidapplicator consists of a test solution storage compartmentaffixed above a 1 by 15-mm test fluid delivery slot,the slotbeing positioned so that the long dimension is perpendicular tothe direction of rotation of the rim of the wheel,and parallel tothe wheel axis.A defined quantity of test fluid is placed,through the fluid reservoir,onto the fluid delivery slot.With thewheel with the test specimen affixed rotating at constant speed,the test solution applicator is brought into contact with therotating test specimen and held in place under defined pressure.The test fluid is transferred from the test solution applicatoronto the test specimen in a band whose width,controlled by theapplicator slot width,is approximately 15 mm,and whoselength is a function of the sorptive characteristics of the testfluid interaction with the test specimen under the defined testconditions.The amount of liquid sorbed per unit area of testspecimen is calculated from the volume of test fluid originallyplaced in the applicator,and the average width and length ofthe band created on the test specimen by the transferred testfluid.The time available for liquid sorption is calculated fromthe volume of test fluid originally placed in the applicator andthe applicator geometry.5.Significance and Use5.1 The Bristow test provides a measure of the short-termsorption of water or other liquids by paper.The U.S.PostalService has used this test method to predict the drying times ofbar codes sprayed onto envelopes by inkjet.The Bristow test is1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Sept.15,1993.Published November 1993.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Formerly published by American Paper and Pulp Assoc.(currently API),NewYork,NY.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.also used to measure ink sorption by paper for a variety ofprinting purposes.The particular significance of this testmethod is its ability to ch