ASTM_D_5487_-_16_2022.pdf

Designation:D548716(Reapproved 2022)Standard Test Method forSimulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5487;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the general procedures of usingshock machines to replicate the effects of vertical drops ofloaded shipping containers,cylindrical containers,and bagsand sacks.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-tainersD3332 Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility ofProducts,Using Shock MachinesD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for TestingD5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers byFree FallE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Terminology3.1 General terms for packaging and distribution environ-ments are found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1critical elementthe most fragile component of thetest specimen.33.2.2 shock pulse programmera device used to control theparameters of the shock pulse and shape of the pulse generatedby the shock test machine.3.2.3 shock test machine drop heightthe distance throughwhich the carriage of the shock test machine free falls beforestriking the shock pulse programmer.3.2.4 velocitythe rate of change of position of a body in aspecified direction with respect to time,measured in inches persecond or metres per second.4.Significance and Use4.1 Shipping containers and the interior packaging materialsare used to protect their contents from the hazards encounteredin handling,transportation,and storage.Shock is one of themore troublesome of these hazards.Free-fall drop testing,while easy to perform,often understresses the test specimen bysubjecting it to drops which are not perpendicular to thedropping surface.NOTE1For example,testing has shown that non-perpendicular drops,2 off perpendicularity,result in 8%lower acceleration into the testspecimen resulting from the impact energy dispersing in several axes.44.1.1 Controlled shock input by shock machines provides aconvenient method for evaluating the ability of shippingcontainers,interior packaging materials,and contents to with-stand shocks.Simulated free-fall drop testing of packagesystems,which have critical elements,has produced good1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContainers and Systems-Application of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved April 15,2022.Published April 2022.Originallyapproved in 1998.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5487 16.DOI:10.1520/D5487-16R22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Robert E.Newton,Fragility Assessment Theory and Test Procedures,U.NavalPostgraduate School,Monterey,California.4Fiedler,Robert M.and Fanfu Li,A Study of the Effects of Impact Angles on theShock Levels Experienced by Packaged Products,MTS Systems Corporation.Onfile at ASTM.Request RR:D10-1008.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1results where the frequency of the shock pulse is at least threetimes that of the package systems natural freq