ASTM_D_5802_-_95_2001.pdf

Designation:D 5802 95(Reapproved 2001)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forSorption of Bibulous Paper Products(Sorptive Rate andCapacity Using Gravimetric Principles)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5802;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe interaction of water in either the gaseous or liquid state is an extremely important property ofpaper and paper products.In addition to being the basis for performance characteristics of variousdifferent types of paper,such as paper for printing and writing,paper for wrapping and packaging,andpaper for liquid absorbing tasks,measured values for many of the physical properties of paper vary,depending upon the amount of water present in the sheet when it is tested.The amount of moisture present in paper and paper products may be measured by procedures suchas Test Method D 644.To enable physical measurements on different paper materials to be easily compared,equilibrationof specimens to a standard moisture content before testing is done using procedures such as PracticeD 685.Where paper materials are to be used as barriers to the transfer of water vapor in,for example,packaging or wrapping applications,their gaseous moisture barrier properties may be measured byTAPPI T 523.A method for measuring the barrier properties of similar paper materials to liquid wateris found in Test Method D 3285.Where the interaction between a paper material and a liquid is important in an application such asprinting,measurements may be made using procedures such as Test Methods D 5455,and TestMethods D 724.Where paper materials are required which will absorb and retain water or water based fluids,as forexample,absorbent tissue or blotting papers,test methods such as Test Methods D 824,D 2177,orD 4250,may be useful.The first two of these methods measure absorbent rate,the third,absorptivecapacity.Similar test methods for absorptive rate are found in TAPPI T 431 and T 432.Theabsorbency of paperboard is measured using TAPPI T 491,which operates on the same gravimetricprinciples found in Test Method D 4250.Similar standardized testing procedures for absorbentstructures are found in,for example,INDA Test Method IST 10,which gives instructions for thedetermination of absorbency time,capacity,and wicking rate of absorbent structures such as napkins,towels,and diapers.These procedures are all similar in that they measure either the time(seconds)required forabsorption of a specified volume of liquid under specified conditions by a test specimen,or thesaturation capacity(grams)of a specimen under specified conditions,or both,in the case of the INDATest Method IST 10.1.While such information is of use in setting minimum material performance specifications,procedures which measure both rate and capacity simultaneously may also be used for such purposes,while providing significantly improved understanding of a materials absorbent character by true ratedata(volume or weight/time)at points of interest prior to saturation.Numerous workers havepublished proposals for such testing procedures for paper or paper products,but few have beensubjected to the concensus standardization process of ASTM or a similar organization.An excellentsummary of such work is contained in the Handbook of Physical and Mechanical Testing of Paper andPaperboard.2This test method is based upon the work of Miller and Tyomkin3and Painter4and provides aprocedure whereby absorptive capacity and rate may be measured simultaneously and dynamically toprovide an absorption curve showing the time dependency of the absorption process.This test method1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.also provides test values comparable to those of existing manual procedures showing the time requiredfor absorption of a specified amount of liquid or the liquid capacity at saturation.1.Scope1.1 This test method determines the liquid sorption ofbibulous paper,paperboard,and paper products using gravi-metric principles.1.1.1 The procedure in this test method describes testing ofabsorbent materials such as those in 1.1.Similar testing may bedone on composite absorbent products,incorporating celluloseand nonwoven fabrics,polymer films,or other similar materi-als for use such as absorbent pads,wipes,and so on with slightmodification.This test method does not describe the applica-tion of this technique to textiles.1.2 The standard test liquid is distilled water.1.2.1 Other test liquids of interest may be used if desired,provided they are compatible with the liquid delivery systemspecified.1.2.1.1 Examples of such test liquids include,but are notlimited to,buffered solutions of distilled water,f