2023年初中八年级上册英语知识点总结.doc

初中八年级上册英语知识点总结 　八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结 　Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation 　本单元的话题：谈论假期活动内容，复习一般过去时。 　本单元的语法：1.复习一般过去时；2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。 　1.本单元出现的动词不规那么过去式有： 　is\am--was是 are -- were是 go--went去 buy—bought买 take --took拿走 　 do\does—did feed—fed喂 see—saw 看见 eat—ate 吃 have\has—had 有，吃 　feel—felt感觉 ride—rode骑 get—got到达,得到 can—could能，会 　forget—forgot忘记 drink—drank喝 find—found找到 　2.不定代词和不定副词的用法： 　some body 　any one 　every thing 　no where〔疑问副词〕 　不定代词和不定副词 　〔1〕左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing构成不定代词，some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where构成不定副词； 　〔2〕一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句，以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否认句、疑问句；以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否认含义〔no one为两个单词〕； 　〔3〕不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时，形容词放在后面。 　He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。〔肯定句用something，形容词important放后〕 　Did you buy anything special 〔一般疑问句用anything，形容词special放后〕 　Did you go anywhere interesting last month上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗？ 　(一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere，形容词interesting放后) 　〔4〕不定代词和不定副词做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式。Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。 　本单元的短语和知识点： 　1.(P1，图片) go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/进山 　2.(P1，1a) stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去夏令营 3.(P2，2b) study for tests为考试而学习\备考 go out出去 　4.(P2，2d) quite a few相当多,不少〔后跟可数名词复数〕 　He has quite a few friends.他有不少朋友； take photos照相 most of the time大局部时间 　5.〔P3,语法表格3行) buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物 　My mother bought me a sweater=My mother bought a sweater for me.我妈妈给我买了一件毛衣。 　6.〔P3,语法表格4行) taste good. 尝起来很好 　taste〔尝起来〕、look〔看起来〕、sound〔听起来〕为感官动词，后跟形容词 　The food tastes delicious.这食品尝起来非常可口。 　The T-shirt looks beautiful.这件体恤衫看起来很漂亮。 　The songs sound beautiful.这些歌曲听起来很优美。 　7.〔P3,语法表格5行)have a good\great\fun time过得快乐，玩得愉快〔=enjoy oneself〕 　They had a good time yesterday.= They enjoyed themselves yesterday.他们昨天玩得很开心。 　 8.(P3,3a) go shopping去购物 　9.(P3,3b,4行) nothing…but+动词原形：除了……之外什么都没有 　He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。 　10.(P3,3b,5行) seem to do sth:好似… I seem to know him.我好似认识他。 　seem+〔to be〕+形容词：看起来…The work seems〔to be〕easy.这工作看起来很容易。 　11.〔P3,3c〕keep a diary记日记 　12.(P5,2b,1行) in+大地方：到达某地 〔get to +地方：到达某地〕 　 arrive at+小地方：到达某地 (get的过去式为got) 　He arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。 　假设是arrive和get后跟home、there、here三个地点副词，后面的介词in\at\to必须去掉。 　Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家。 　13.(P5,2b,2行)decide to do sth:决定做某事 He decided to go home.他决定回家。 　14.(P5,2b,3行) try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 　The boy tried riding bicycle.这个小孩试着骑自行车 　He tried to help the old man.他尽力帮助这个老年人。 　15.(P5,2b,4行) feel like给…的感觉；感受到 　16.(P5,2b,1段末行) in the past 在过去 walk around四处走走 　enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事 He enjoys playing basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 　17.(P5,2b,2段1行)difference(名词，差异，差异) different(形容词，不同的) 　18.(P5,2b,2段2行)start doing sth：开始做某事 〔= start to do sth〕 　He started doing his homework. 他开始做家庭作业。 　19.(P5,2b,2段3行)over an hour一个多小时 〔over超过，多余 = more than〕 　20.(P5,2b,2段4行) too many 太多，后接可数名词复数。 　Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.昨天妈妈买了很多鸡蛋。 　too much 太多，后跟不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 　We have too much work to do.我们有很多工作要做。 　Don’t talk too much.不要说太多。 　much too 太，后跟形容词或副词The hat is much too big for me.这帽子对我来说太大。 　You’re walking much too fast.你走地太快了。 　分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头:much 后接不可数,too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。 　21.(P5,2b,2段6行) because of 因为,后接名词、代词或动名词〔即动词+ing〕，不能接句子。 　 because因为，后跟句子。 　 He can’t go to school because of the rain.他因为下雨没去上学。〔rain为名词〕 　He was late for school because of getting up late.他因为起晚而上学迟到。〔get为动词〕 　= He was late for school because he got up late. 　I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.我没有买这件衬衣因为它太贵。 　22.(P5,2b,2段8行)enough(足够的)与名词连用，一般放在名词前 　He has enough money .他有足够的钱。(money为名词) 　enough(足够的)与形容词或副词连用，enough放在后面。 　He is old enough to go to school. (old为形容词) 　23.〔P6,2d,倒数4行〕 doing sth.忘记已经做过某事〔已经做完〕 　forget to do sth.忘记去做某事〔还未做〕(forget的过去式为forgot) 　Don’t foget to close the door.不要忘记关上门。〔门还未关〕 　He forgot closing the door.他忘记已经关上门了。〔门已经关上，但是他忘了〕 　24.〔P6,2e,5行〕another+数字+可数名词单数或复数：额外多少某物 　He ate one apple,he wanted another two apples.他吃了一个苹果，还想再要两个。 　25.〔P8,self check,2,6行〕so+形容词+that+句子：如此…以至于… 　too+形容词+to do sth：太…以至于不能… 　形容词+enough to do sth：足够…能够做某事〔注意三个句型有时可以互换〕 　He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年轻以至于不能去上学。 　= He is too young to go to school. 他太年轻以至于不能去上学。 　= He isn′t old enough to go to school. 　26.〔P8,self check,2,7行〕tell sb (not) to do sth:告诉某人〔不要〕做某事 　My mother often tells us not to play in the street.我的妈妈经常告诉我不要在街上玩。 　Unit 2 How often do you exercise 　本单元的话题：谈论生活习惯，复习一般现在时。 　本单元的语法：1.复习一般现在时；2.学习表示频率副词的用法。 　主要频率副词的等级排序：always(总是) > usually (通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不) 　这些副词在句子中的位置，一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后，行为〔实义〕动词之前。即：“行〞前“助(系)〞后。 　Peter is always late for school. Peter上学总是迟到。 　I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在