ASTM_D_6036_-_96_2014.pdf

Designation:D603696(Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forDisplaying the Results of Chemical Analyses ofGroundwater for Major Ions and Trace ElementsUse ofMaps1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6036;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide offers a series of options but does not specifya course of action.It should not be used as the sole criterion orbasis of comparison and does not replace or relieve profes-sional judgment.1.2 This guide covers methods that display,as mappedinformation,the chemical constituents of groundwatersamples.Details required by the investigator to use fully themethods are found in the listed references.1.2.1 The use of maps to display water-quality data are acommon technique to assist in the interpretation of the chem-istry of water in aquifers,as the areally distributed values canbe easily related to the physical locality by the investigator.1.2.2 The distribution in an aquifer of chemical constituentsfrom two water sources or of liquids of different densities maybe difficult to illustrate explicitly on a two-dimensional mapbecause of stratification in the third dimension.Also,theaddition of a vertical cross section may be required(see 4.4).1.3 Many graphic techniques have been developed by in-vestigators to assist in summarizing and interpreting relateddata sets.This guide is the fourth document to inform thehydrologists and geochemists about traditional methods fordisplaying groundwater chemical data.1.3.1 The initial guide(Guide D5738)described the cat-egory of water-analysis diagrams that use pattern and pictorialmethods as a basis for displaying each of the individualchemical components determined from the analysis of a singlesample of natural groundwater.1.3.2 The second guide(Guide D5754)described the cat-egory of water-analysis diagrams that use two-dimensionaltrilinear graphs to display,on a single diagram,the commonchemical components from two or more analyses of naturalgroundwater.1.3.3 The third guide(Guide D5877)presented methodsthat graphically display chemical analyses of multiple ground-water samples,discrete values,as well as those reduced tocomprehensive summaries or parameters.1.4 Notations have been incorporated within the illustra-tions of this guide to assist the user in understanding how themaps are constructed.These notations would not be requiredon a map designed for inclusion in a project document.NOTE1Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposesonly and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D596 Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of WaterD653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements toIdentify a Ground-Water SiteD5408 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe aGroundwater Site;Part OneAdditional IdentificationDescriptorsD5409 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved May 15,2014.Published January 2015.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6036 96(2008).DOI:10.1520/D6036-96R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 Ground-Water Site;Part TwoPhysical DescriptorsD5410 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe aGround-Water Site;Part ThreeUsage DescriptorsD5474 Guide for Selection of Data Elements for Groundwa-ter InvestigationsD5717 Guide for Design of Ground-Water Monitoring Sys-tems in Karst and Fractured-Rock Aquifers(Withdrawn2005)3D5738 Guide for Displaying the Results of ChemicalAnaly-ses of Groundwater for Maj