ASTM_D_590_-_93_2002.pdf

Designation:D 590 93(Reapproved 2002)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forPetroleum Wax in Paper1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 590;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method determines quantitatively the totalamount of petroleum wax in wax-impregnated papers,includ-ing papers referred to as“dry waxed”or simply“waxed”papers,and paper products made from such papers.1.2 This test method is not intended for use with wax-sizedpapers,because these generally contain such quantities of rosinor other materials soluble under the conditions of this testmethod,or both,that the accuracy for quantitatively measuringwax is seriously impaired.1.3 This test method does not differentiate between“surfacewax”and“total wax.”It measures the total amount of waxmaterials extracted under the conditions specified.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 8.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,or Related Products2D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing2D 1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products2E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,with a Specified Tolerable Error,the Average for a Char-acteristic of a Lot or Process32.2TAPPI Standard:T 208 Test method for moisture in paper by toluene distil-lation43.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D 1986 or the Dictionary ofPaper.54.Summary of Test Method4.1 The wax is extracted from a test specimen using aSoxhlet-type extraction assembly and toluene as the extractionsolvent.The solvent is evaporated,and the extracted wax or theextracted specimen,or both,are dried at 105C and thenweighed.The percentage of wax present is calculated based onthe dry weight of the extracted wax or the dry weight of theextracted specimen and either the dry sample weight or aconditioned sample weight basis,as agreed upon between theusers of this test method.5.Significance and Use5.1 The percentage of wax present in wax-impregnatedpapers may be an indicator of the degree to which these papersresist penetration of aqueous liquids.6.Apparatus6.1 Extraction AssemblyEither of the following styles ofextraction assembly are suitable for performing this testmethod.6.1.1 Soxhlet Extraction ApparatusConsisting of thewidely recognized Soxhlet glassware assembly,including aSoxhlet extraction tube,pure cellulose extraction thimble,condenser,solvent reservoir,and in addition,an electricheating mantle,and variable power source.Such equipment isin general use and available from numerous suppliers oflaboratory glassware and apparatus.6.1.2 High-Effciency Extraction AssemblyOne such as-sembly found satisfactory is the Soxtec System HTt.6Othersimilar high-efficiency extraction assemblies may also besuitable and may be used as described in 11.6 and 11.7.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Sept.15,1993.Published November 1993.Originallypublished as D 590 40 T.Last previous edition D 590 87.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.09.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.4Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry,Technol-ogy Park/Atlanta,PO Box 105113,Atlanta,GA 30348.5Formerly published by American Paper and Pulp Assoc.(currently API),NewYork,NY.6The Soxtec System HTt is manufactured by Tecator,Hogansas,Sweden,andmay be purchased in the United States through Fisher Scientific.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Operating instructions for a high-efficiency extraction assem-bly will be received with the equipment and should befollowed,consistent with 11.6 and 11.7.7.Reagents7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents conform to the specification of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.7Other grades may be used,provided that it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficient purity to permit its use without lessening the accu-racy of the determina