ASTM_D_5891_-_D_5891M_-_19.pdf

Designation:D5891/D5891M19Standard Test Method forFluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5891/D5891M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers an index method that enablesthe evaluation of fluid loss properties of a clay mineral filmdeposited on a filter paper from a 6%solids slurry of claymineral at 100-psi(kPa)pressure as a measure of its usefulnessfor permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosyn-thetic clay liners(GCL).This test method is not applicable forclays with polymers.1.2 This test method is adapted from American PetroleumInstitute drilling fluid specifications for bentonite.1.3Powdered clay mineral is tested as produced;granularclay mineral should be ground to 100%passing a 100 meshU.S.Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65%passing a 200mesh U.S.Standard Sieve with the whole ground product usedfor testing.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.21.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers andGranular Pesticides2.2 API Standard:4API RP 131 Recommended Practice for Laboratory Testingof Drilling Fluids3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer toAPI Standards andASTM definitions for GCLproducts.4.Significance and Use4.1 Clay mineral is the functional component of GCL thatreduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial waste orground water through the liner.4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and affect thehydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite.This test methodevaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates toperformance.5.Atmosphere Conditions5.1 Atmospheric ConditionsThe atmospheric conditionsof the laboratory performing fluid loss of clay mineral compo-nent of geosynthetic clay liners shall be:relative humiditybetween 50 to 70%and a temperature of 21 6 2 C 70 64 F.6.Apparatus6.1 Laboratory Balance,100-g capacity,60.01-g accuracyand precision.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-thetic Clay Liners.Current edition approved Aug.1,2019.Published August 2019.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5891/D5891M 02(2016)1.DOI:10.1520/D5891_D5891M-19.2When bentonite is removed from a GCL product for testing,it may includeadhesives that can influence test results.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Petroleum Institute(API),1220 L.St.,NW,Washington,DC 20005-4070,http:/www.api.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 6.2 Weighing Paper,or small weighing dish.6.3 Graduated Cylinder,500 6 5-mL graduated TD(todeliver)with 10-mL subdivisions,Class A volumetricallycalibrated;10 6 0.1-mL graduated cylinder,graduated TC(tocontain)with 0.1-mL subdivisions.6.4 U.S.Standard Sieve,100 mesh,200 mesh,and auto-mated sieve shaker.6.5 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill,forgrinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.6.6 ASTM Calibration Immersion