ASTM_D_6336_-_11.pdf

Designation:D633611Standard Practice forEvaluation of Flushing Vehicles for Pigment Wetting Using aVacuum Modified Sigma Blade Mixer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6336;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers guidelines for the evaluations offlushing vehicles for pigment dispersion using a vacuummodified sigma blade mixer,or vacuum flusher.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture(and OtherMatter Volatile Under the Test Conditions)in PigmentsD387 Test Method for Color and Strength of ChromaticPigments with a Mechanical MullerD1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing InksBy the NPIRI GrindometerD2066 Test Methods for Relative Tinting Strength of Paste-Type Printing Ink DispersionsD2067 Test Method for Coarse Particles in Printing InkDispersionsD4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materialsby Karl Fischer MethodD4040 Test Method for Rheological Properties of PastePrinting and Vehicles by the Falling-Rod ViscometerD4361 Test Method for Apparent Tack of Printing Inks andVehicles by a Three-Roller Tackmeter3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 additives,nvarious materials that are used in rela-tively small quantities to condition the pigment or vehicle.3.1.2 break,nthe action that takes place when water isseparated from the pigment in a presscake.3.1.3 flushed color,na color base in paste form preparedby flushing.3.1.4 flusher,na mixing device that has two sigma shapedagitator blades parallel to each other,turning in opposingdirections at different speeds.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe mixing action of a flusher is that ofkneading.3.1.5 flushing,na method of transferring pigments fromdispersions in water to dispersions in oil by the displacement ofthe water by oil.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe resulting dispersions of flushingare known as flushed colors.3.1.6 pigment,nthe fine solid particles of colorant used togive color to printing inks.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe pigment particles are substantiallyinsoluble in the vehicle and in water.3.1.7 presscake,na mixture of pigment and water formedinto a cake by passing through a filter press under pressure.3.1.8 vacuum cycle,nthe time a flush is under vacuum toremove entrapped water.3.1.9 vehicle,nthe liquid portion of an ink that holds andcarries the pigment,provides workability and drying propertiesand binds the pigment to the substrate after the ink has dried.4.Summary of Practice4.1 Vehicle,pigment presscake,and additives are added intoa sigma blade mixer and mixed until the water is displacedfrom the pigment presscake.4.2 Step 4.1 is repeated two or three times until the capacityof the flusher has been reached.4.3 The flusher is then sealed and a vacuum applied until thedispersion(flush)is free of moisture.NOTE1Lithol rubine pigment undergoes a color conversion when1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published November 2011.Originallyapproved in 1998.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6336 98(2004)which was withdrawn in 2010 and reinstated in November 2011.DOI:10.1520/D6336-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 essentially all water is removed.4.4 Vehicle solvent and additives are added to adjust thestrength,shade and body of the dispersion(flush)to that of astandard dispersion(flush).5.Significance and Use5.1 By following this practice it is possible to make repro-ducible flushes when using the same raw materials.Therefore,if someone wishes to evaluate the effect a different rawmaterial has on a flush,it is possible to evaluate this effect bynoting the change that occurs from a control flush to theexperimental flush.This change can be,but is not limited to;such things as strength after vacuum,grind,grit,gloss etc.Thispractice can be used by ink companies,pigment companies orvarnish companies.Th