ASTM_D_6035_-_D_6035M_-_13.pdf

Designation:D6035/D6035M13Standard Test Method forDetermining the Effect of Freeze-Thaw on HydraulicConductivity of Compacted or Intact Soil Specimens Usinga Flexible Wall Permeameter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6035/D6035M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of theeffect of freeze-thaw on the hydraulic conductivity of com-pacted or intact soil specimens using Test Method D5084 anda flexible wall permeameter to determine hydraulic conductiv-ity.This test method does not provide steps to performsampling of,or testing of,in situ soils that have already beensubjected to freeze-thaw conditions.1.2 This test method may be used with intact specimens(block or thin-walled)or laboratory compacted specimens andshall be used for soils that have an initial hydraulic conduc-tivity less than or equal to 1E-5 m/s 3.94 E-4 in./s(1E-3 cm/s)(Note 1).NOTE1The maximum initial hydraulic conductivity is given as 1 E-5m/s 3.94 E-4 in./s.This should also apply to the final hydraulicconductivity.It is expected that if the initial hydraulic conductivity is 1E-5 m/s(3.94 E-4 in./s),then the final hydraulic conductivity will notchange(increase)significantly(that is,greater than 1 E-5 m/s)(3.94 E-4in./s).1.3 Soil specimens tested using this test method can besubjected to three-dimensional freeze-thaw(herein referred toas 3-d)or one-dimensional freeze-thaw(herein referred to as1-d).(For a discussion of one-dimensional freezing versusthree-dimensional freezing,refer to Zimmie2or Othman.3)1.4 Soil specimens tested using this test method can betested in a closed system(that is,no access to an externalsupply of water during freezing)or an open system.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.6 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units(presented in brackets)are to be regarded separately asstandard.The values stated in each system may not be exactequivalents;therefore,each system shall be used independentlyof the other.Combining values from the two systems mayresult in non-conformance with the standard.Reporting of testresults in units other than SI shall not be regarded as concon-formance with this test method.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils forGeotechnical PurposesD2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling ofRock for Site ExplorationD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting SoilSamples1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.19 on Frozen Soils andRock.Current edition approved Aug.15,2013.Published September 2013.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6035 08.DOI:10.1520/D6035_D6035M-13.2Zimmie,T.F.,and La Plante,C.,“The Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on thePermeability of a Fine-Grained Soil,”Hazardous and Industrial Wastes,Proceed-ings of the Twenty-Second Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference,Joseph P.Martin,Shi-Chieh Cheng,and Mary Ann Susavidge,eds.,Drexel University,1990,pp.580593.3Othman,M.A.,Benson,C.H.,Chamberlain,E.J.,and Zimmie,T.F.,“Laboratory Testing to Evaluate Changes in Hydraulic Conductivity of CompactedClays Caused by Freeze-Thaw:State-of-the-Art,”Hydraulic Conductivity andWaste Contaminant Transport in Soils,ASTM STP 1142,David E.Daniel,andStephen J.Trautwein,eds.,American Society for Testing and Materials,Conshohocken,PA,pp.227254.4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a FlexibleWall PermeameterD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnic