ASTM_D_5748_-_95_2019.pdf

Designation:D574895(Reapproved 2019)Standard Test Method forProtrusion Puncture Resistance of Stretch Wrap Film1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5748;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method determines the resistance of a stretchwrap film to the penetration of a probe at a standard low rate,a single test velocity.Performed at standard conditions,the testmethod imparts a biaxial stress that is representative of the typeof stress encountered in many product end-use applications.The maximum force,force at break,penetration distance,andenergy to break are determined.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics(Withdrawn 1998)3D2103 Specification for Polyethylene Film and SheetingE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tributions environments are found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 break forceforce achieved at break.3.2.2 energywork to break.3.2.3 maximum forcegreatest force achieved.3.2.4 penetration distancedepth probe traveled in pen-etrating film specimen,from initial probe contact with filmspecimen,to penetration at break.3.2.5 protrusion puncture resistancethe ability of a plasticfilm to withstand the force exerted by a protrusion.3.2.6 thickness(caliper,gage)the perpendicular distancebetween the opposite surfaces of a plastic film.4.Significance and Use4.1 Puncture resistance is very important in end-use perfor-mance of stretch wrap film used in consumer and industrialproduct applications.Puncture resistance is a measure of theenergy-absorbing ability of a stretch wrap film in resisting aprotrusion.The test method is designed to provide the userwith a means of measuring the stretch wrap films punctureresistance performance under essentially biaxial deformationconditions.A biaxial stress is representative of the type ofstress encountered by stretch wrap products in many end-useapplications.4.2 Although this test method cannot be expected to dupli-cate all field experiences,since the rate of speed,weight,andconfiguration of such destructive forces vary widely,a gener-ally reliable comparison of samples may be made from the dataobtained.5.Apparatus5.1 Universal Testing Apparatus.5.2 Integrator and Chart Recorder.5.3 Appropriate Load CellThe test may be performedusing compression or tension load cell.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film,Sheeting,andMolded Products.Current edition approved Nov.1,2019.Published November 2019.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5748 95(2012).DOI:10.1520/D5748-95R19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 5.4 ProbeA 0.75 in.(19 mm)diameter pear-shaped TFE-fluorocarbon coated probe4(Fig.1),for general application andstandard comparison of plastic films and interlaboratory re-sults.5.5 Specimen Clamping Fixture(Fig.2).5.6 Micrometre,conforming to Specification D2103.5.7 Template,6 by 6 in.(150 by 150 mm).5.8 Specimen C