ASTM_D_5738_-_95_2006.pdf

Designation:D573895(Reapproved 2006)Standard Guide forDisplaying the Results of Chemical Analyses ofGroundwater for Major Ions and Trace ElementsDiagramsfor Single Analyses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5738;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the category of water-analysis dia-grams that use pictorial or pattern methods(for example,bar,radiating vectors,pattern,and circular)as a basis for displayingeach of the individual chemical components that were deter-mined from the analysis of a single sample of natural ground-water(see Terminology).1.2 This guide on single-analysis diagrams is the second ofseveral standards to inform the professionals in the field ofhydrology with the traditional graphical methods available todisplay groundwater chemistry.NOTE1The initial guide described the category of water-analysisdiagrams that use two-dimensional trilinear graphs to display,on a singlediagram,the common chemical components from two or more completeanalyses of natural groundwater.1.2.1 A third guide will be for diagrams based on dataanalytical calculations that include those categories of wateranalysis graphs where multiple analyses are analyzed statisti-cally and the results plotted on a diagram(for example,thebox,and so forth).1.3 Numerous methods have been developed to display,onsingle-analyses diagrams,the ions dissolved in water.Thesemethods were developed by investigators to assist in theinterpretation of the origin of the ions in the water and tosimplify the comparison of analyses,one with another.1.4 This guide presents a compilation of diagrams from anumber of authors that allows for transformation of numericaldata into visual,usable forms.It is not a guide to selection oruse.That choice is program or project specific.NOTE2Use of tradenames in this guide is for identification purposesonly and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D596 Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of WaterD653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD5754 Guide for Displaying the Results of ChemicalAnaly-ses of Groundwater for Major Ions and Trace ElementsTrilinear Diagrams for Two or More Analyses3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Except as listed as follows,all definitions are inaccordance with Terminology D653.3.1.2 anionan ion that moves or would move towards ananode;thus nearly always synonymous with negative ion.3.1.3 cationan ion that moves or would move towards acathode;thus nearly always synonymous with positive ion.3.1.4 equivalent per million(epm)for water chemistry,anequivalent weight unit expressed in English terms,also ex-pressed as milligram-equivalent per kilogram.When the con-centration of an ion,expressed in parts per million(ppm),ismultiplied by the equivalent weight(combining weight)factor(see explanation of equivalent weight factor)of that ion,theresult is expressed in epm.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved July 1,2006.Published August 2006.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D5738 95(2000).DOI:10.1520/D5738-95R06.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesNOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information13.1.4.1 DiscussionFor a completely determined chemicalanalysis of a water sample,the total epm value of the cationswill equal the total epm value of the anions(chemicallybalanced).The plotted values on the water-analysis diagramsdescribed in this guide