Designation:D5478−13StandardTestMethodsforViscosityofMaterialsbyaFallingNeedleViscometer1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD5478;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope*1.1ThesetestmethodscoverthemeasurementoftheviscosityofNewtonianandnon-Newtonianliquids.Thesetestmethodsareapplicabletoliquidshavingviscositiesintherangefrom5×10−4to103Pa·s(0.5to106cP).Theshearraterangeisdependentupontheneedleusedandviscosityoftheliquidandmayvaryfrom10−4to103s−1.Withanextensionbarandappliedweight,ashearrateof104s–1maybeachieved.1.2Theyieldstressofliquidshavingthispropertymayalsobedetermined.1.3Thesetestmethodsconsistofdeterminingliquidvis-cositiesofNewtonianandnon-Newtonianfluids(clearoropaque)bymeasuringthesteady-state(constant)orterminalvelocitiesofcylindricalneedlesastheyfallthroughthetestliquidundertheinfluenceofgravity.Yieldstressesofnon-Newtonianliquidsmaybemeasuredusingthesameprocedure.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:2E1SpecificationforASTMLiquid-in-GlassThermometersE2251SpecificationforLiquid-in-GlassASTMThermom-eterswithLow-HazardPrecisionLiquids3.Terminology3.1Definitions:3.1.1dilatantorshearthickeningfluid,n—fluidinwhichtheapparentviscosityincreaseswithincreasingshearrate.3.1.2Newtonianfluid,n—fluidinwhichthedynamicvis-cositydoesnotvarywithshearratebutonlywiththetemperatureandpressure.3.1.3Non-Newtonianfluid,n—fluidinwhichthedynamicviscosityvarieswithshearrateoveratleastsomeshearratera...
