ASTM_D_560_-_D_560M_-_16.pdf

Designation:D560/D560M16Standard Test Methods forFreezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D560/D560M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determiningthe soil-cement losses,water content changes,and volumechanges(swell and shrinkage)produced by repeated freezingand thawing of hardened soil-cement specimens.The speci-mens are compacted in a mold,before cement hydration,tomaximum density at optimum water content using the com-paction procedure described in Test Methods D558.1.2 Two test methods,depending on soil gradation,arecovered for preparation of material for molding specimens andfor molding specimens as follows:SectionsTest Method A,using soil material passing a 4.75-mm No.4 sieve.This method shall be used when 100%of the soil sample passesthe 4.75-mm No.4 sieve.7Test Method B,using soil material passing a 0.75-in.19.0-mm sieve.This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retainedon the 4.75-mm No.4 sieve.This test method may be used onlyon those materials that have 30%or less retained on the 19.0 mm0.75-in.sieve81.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026,unless superseded by this test method.1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof these test methods to consider significant digits used inanalysis methods for engineering data.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units presented in brackets are to be regarded sepa-rately as standard.The values stated in each system shall beused independently of the other.Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specifi-cation E11.The alternative designation given in parentheses isfor information only and does not represent a different standardsieve size.1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units.In this system,the pound(lbf)represents a unit of force(weight),while the unit for massis slugs.The rationalized slug unit is not given,unless dynamic(F=ma)calculations are involved.1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/constructionprofession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass(lbm)and of force(lbf).This implicitly combines two separatesystems of unit;that is,the absolute system and the gravita-tional system.It is scientifically undesirable to combine the useof two separate sets of inch-pound units within a singlestandard.As stated,this standard includes the gravitationalsystem of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slugunit for mass.However,the use of balances or scales recordingpounds of mass(lbm)or recording density in lbm/ft3shall notbe regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsD558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density(Unit Weight)Relations of Soil-Cement MixturesD559/D559M Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Com-pacted Soil-Cement MixturesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluids1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soiland Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on StabilizationWith Admixtures.Current edition approved Nov.1,2016.Published November 2016.Originallyapproved in 1939.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D560/D560M15.DOI:10.1520/D0560_D0560M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this st