Designation:D6001/D6001M−20StandardGuideforDirect-PushGroundwaterSamplingforEnvironmentalSiteCharacterization1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD6001/D6001M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope*1.1ThisguidecoversareviewofmethodsforsamplinggroundwateratdiscretepointsorinincrementsbyinsertionofgroundwatersamplingdevicesusingDirectPushMethods(D6286/D6286M,see3.3.2).Bydirectlypushingthesampler,thesoilisdisplacedandhelpstoformanannularsealabovethesamplingzone.Direct-pushwatersamplingcanbeonetime,ormultiplesamplingevents.Knowledgeofsitespecificgeologyandhydrogeologicconditionsisnecessarytosuccessfullyobtaingroundwatersampleswiththesedevices.1.2Direct-pushmethodsofwatersamplingareusedforgroundwaterqualityandgeohydrologicstudies.Waterqualityandpermeabilitymayvaryatdifferentdepthsbelowthesurfacedependingongeohydrologicconditions.Incrementalsamplingorsamplingatdiscretedepthsisusedtodeterminethedistributionofcontaminantsandtomorecompletelycharacterizegeohydrologicenvironments.Theseexplorationsarefrequentlyadvisedincharacterizationofhazardousandtoxicwastesitesandforgeohydrologicstudies.1.3Thisguidecoversseveraltypesofgroundwatersam-plers;sealedscreensamplers,profilingsamplers,dualtubesamplingsystems,andsimpleexposedscreensamplers.Ingeneral,sealedscreensamplersdriventodiscretedepthpro-videthehighestqualitywatersamples.Profilingsamplersusinganexposedscreen(s)whicharepurgedbetweensamplingeventsallowformorerapidsamplecollectionatmultipledepths.Simpleexposedscreensamplersdriventoatestzonewithnopurgingpriortosamplingmayresultinmoreques-tionablewaterqualityifexposedtouppercontaminatedzones,andinthatcase,wouldbeconsideredscreeningdevices.1.4Methodsforobtaininggroundwatersamplesforwaterqualityanalysisanddetectionofcontaminantsarepresented.Thesemetho...
