ASTM_D_5416_-_95_2012.pdf

Designation:D541695(Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forEvaluating Abrasion Resistance of Stretch Wrap Films byVibration Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5416;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method compares the abrasion resistance ofsimilar types of stretch wrap films.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-tainers3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tribution environments are found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 overlapthe width of stretch wrap material that cov-ers a previous layer of stretch wrap material.3.2.2 stretch wrap materiala material used for overwrap-ping,which when applied under tension,elongates and con-forms to the item(s)packaged through elastic recovery.3.2.3 wrap cyclethe series of operations used to wrap aload.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to provide only a compara-tive procedure for evaluating unknown films against a standardor control film whose performance has been defined asadequate in actual field conditions.4.2 This test method leaves open to the discretion of the userseveral key factors,including film wrap method,abrasionsurfaces,and definition of failure,so that it can be tailored toan individual users distribution parameters.4.3 This test method is meant to simulate,in an acceleratedmode,the abrasion that an outer wrapping of film mightencounter in a typical shipping and distribution environment.4.4 This is a test procedure that allows the user to makerelative comparisons of the abrasion resistance of a film,suchas that the film is containing a palletized load while that loadis undergoing vibration.5.Equipment and Preparation5.1 Load Wrapping ApparatusA machine or apparatus towrap the test load.The method of application is preferably asnear as possible to that used in an actual production situation(for example,stretch wrapper or manual wrapping unit).5.2 Vertical Vibration Table,preferably equipped with thecapability of varying the frequency or amplitude,or both,ofvibration in a controlled fashion and maintaining a set vibrationmode.5.3 Upright SupportsRigid upright supports that can bebolted or secured otherwise to the vibration table.Thesesupports shall also be adjusted laterally so as to confine the testload and prevent excessive side to side movement or toppling.5.4 Abrasive Surfaces,attached to the inner faces of uprightsupports so that the wrapped test load comes into contact withand abrades against this surface during the test sequence.5.4.1 The abrasive surface can be composed of any one of avariety of possible substances,chosen at the users discretion,to simulate the actual abrasive surfaces that might be encoun-tered in the actual distribution cycle.Possibilities includerough side of exterior-grade plywood,wooden slats,corrugatedmetal,corrugated paperboard,brick facings,and standard gritsandpaper.5.5 Timing DeviceStopwatch,clock,or timer.5.6 Accelerometer(optional),which may be used to mea-sure the output response of the test load at various vibration1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizingand Unitizing of Loads.Current edition approved April 1,2012.Published May 2012.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5416 95(2007).DOI:10.1520/D5416-95R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 table input amplitudes.This is the most accurate way ofdetermining the resonant frequency of the test load.6.Procedure6.1 Prepare two single columns of units to be wrapped.6.2 Wrap each single column of units individually using themethod to be used under normal conditions.6.3 If other stretch levels are not defined in the productionsituation,the standard levels of stretch film application of 50,100,or 150%stretch may be used.6.4 If it is desired to simulate a two-column-high stackingmode,a piece of corrugated or solid fiber slip sheet material orplastic