ASTM_D_5549_-_94e1.pdf

Designation:D 5549 94e1Standard Guide forThe Contents of Geostatistical Site Investigation Report1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5549;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEParagraph 1.7 was added editorially October 1998.INTRODUCTIONGeostatistics is a framework for data analysis and estimation in media whose measurable attributesshow erratic spatial variability yet also possess a degree of spatial continuity imparted by the naturaland anthropogenic process operating therein.The soil,rock,and contained fluids encountered inenvironmental or geotechnical site investigations present such features and their sampled attributes aretherefore amenable to geostatistical treatment.This guide is concerned with the reporting of suchinvestigations.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the contents required for a completereport of a geostatistical site investigation.Acomplete report isunderstood here to be one that contains all the informationnecessary to the understanding and evaluation of the geostatis-tical site investigation by other geostatisticians.1.2 This guide does not discuss the reporting of supplemen-tary information that may assist evaluation of the report.1.3 While geostatistical methods are used in many fields,this guide is primarily intended for the reporting of environ-mental and geotechnical applications.Environmental applica-tions of geostatistics are discussed in United States Environ-mental Protection Agency(EPA)documents(1-7).21.4 The basic geostatistical methods referred to in this guideare fully described in texts by David(8),Journel andHuijbregts(9),Clark(10),and Isaaks and Srivastava(11).Olea(12)gives a thorough compilation of geostatistical terminol-ogy.1.5 This guide does not discuss the reporting of multivari-ate,space-time,and other less-frequently used geostatisticalmethods;however this is not intended to reflect any judgmentas to the validity of these methods.1.6 Geostatistics is but one approach that can be used tounderstand and describe site conditions.Investigations shouldincorporate whatever supplementary knowledge of the site thatmay be available from other sources.As with classical statis-tical approaches,geostatistics is not intended to establishcause-and-effect relationships.1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluids33.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 additivity,na mathematical property of a regional-ized variable stating that it can be combined linearly in order todefine a similar variable on a larger support.3.1.2 correlogram,na measure of spatial continuity ex-pressing the coefficient of correlation between two variables asa function of the lag distance separating their locations.3.1.3 covariance,na measure of similarity between twovariables defined as the expected value of their product minusthe product of their expected values and often used to measurespatial continuity between two variables as a function of the lagdistance separating their locations.3.1.4 cross validation,nin geostatistics,a procedure bywhich the suitability of an estimation method is assessed by1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface andSubsurface Characterization.Current edition approved June 15,1994.Published September 1994.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthe text.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 04.08.1AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS100 Barr Harbor Dr.,West Conshohocken,PA 19428Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.Copyright ASTMsequentially removing and estimating sample data,and com-paring the resulting pairs of true and estimated values.3.1.5 drift,nin geostatistics,a systematic spatial variationthat is usually expressed as a polynomial function of locationcoordinates.3.1.6 estimation,nin geostatistics,a procedure by whichthe value of a variable at an unsampled location is predictedusing a weighted ave