ASTM_D_5619_-_00_2011.pdf

Designation:D561900(Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forComparing Metal Removal Fluids Using the Tapping TorqueTest Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5619;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a laboratory technique toevaluate the relative performance of metal removal fluids usinga non-matrix test protocol using the tapping torque testmachine.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionBecause the equipment used in this testmethod is available only in inch-pound units,SI units areomitted when referring to the equipment and the test pieces.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 build-up edgea triangular deposit that forms adja-cent to the cutting edge on the face of the tool in a metalwork-ing operation.2.1.1.1 DiscussionThe high contact pressure between thecutting edge of the tap and the specimen material results in ahigh temperature.The high temperature,the wear debris,thehigh contact pressure,and some of the constituents of thecutting fluid combine at the cutting edge and form a triangulardeposit,referred to as a built-up edge(BUE).The BUE issustained by the chip curl as it is passed over,and as the BUEgrows,it is abraded by the rubbing of the chip curl.Since theBUE is located exactly where the curl is generated,it contrib-utes to the size of the curl;the larger the BUE,the larger thediameter of the chip curl.A small chip curl will flow smoothlyup the flute of the tap and will not affect the torque.However,a large curl will drag and jam in the flute and will contribute tothe tapping torque.If a new tap is utilized,it is necessary to run several teststo run-in the tap.This process prepares the cutting edge toreceive a characteristic BUE,depending on which cuttingfluid is utilized.If a cutting fluid is changed to another cutting fluid duringa test sequence,it is necessary to discard the results from atleast the first test of the new fluid since the previous BUEmust be abraded or modified with the chemistry of the newfluid to form its own characteristic BUE.The ideal cutting fluid forms a small,stable BUE thatassists in the formation of a small curl.3.Summary of Test Method3.1 The torque required to tap a thread in a blank specimennut while lubricated with a metal removal fluid is measured andcompared with the torque required to tap a thread in a blankspecimen nut while lubricated with a reference fluid.See Fig.1.The ratio of the average torque values of the reference oil tothe metal removal fluid tested,when using the same tap,isexpressed as the percent efficiency of the fluid.The efficiencyof two or more fluids can be compared when the average torquevalues of the reference fluid on different taps are considered tobe statistically equivalent.4.Significance and Use4.1 The procedures described in this test method can beused to predict more accurately the lubricating properties of ametal removal fluid than previously available laboratory scaletests.4.2 This test method is designed to allow flexibility in theselection of test specimen metal composition,tap alloy orcoatings,and machining speeds.4.3 Comparison between various types of fluids can bemade,including cutting oils,soluble oils,semi-synthetics,orwater soluble synthetics.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.L0.01 on Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published August 2011.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D561900(2005).DOI:10.1520/D5619-00R11.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Apparatus5.1 Test Machine,the tapping torque test machine2asillustrated in Fig.2 and Fig.3.5.2 Plastic Squeeze Bottle,100 mL or larger.5.3 GO/NO GO Wire Plug Gage2,0.3360/0.3363 in.5.4 Drying Oven,controllable to 52 6 3C(125 6 5F).6.Reagents and Materials6.1 Cutting Nut Blanks,inside diameter of 0.33615 60.00015 in.material selected by the user of the test method.1215 steel alloy is recommended to be used for qualifying taps.6.2 Cutting Tap,10 by 1.5 mm.6.3 Reference Fluid,a stable fluid that produces minimalbuild-up edge on tap and yields repeatable test results.2This test method was conducted