ASTM_D_5443_-_14.pdf

Designation:D544314Standard Test Method forParaffin,Naphthene,and Aromatic Hydrocarbon TypeAnalysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5443;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins,naphthenes,and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinichydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 C orless.Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 C andless than 270 C are reported as a single group.Olefins,ifpresent,are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates areincluded in the paraffin and naphthene distribution.Aromaticsboiling at C9and above are reported as a single aromatic group.1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individualcomponents except for benzene and toluene that are the onlyC6and C7aromatics,respectively,and cyclopentane that is theonly C5naphthene.The lower limit of detection for a singlehydrocarbon component or group is 0.05%by mass.1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixturesincluding virgin,catalytically converted,thermally converted,alkylated and blended naphtha.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit“coulomb”is“C”.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 7 and Table 1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use asAnalytical StandardsD5134 Test Method for Detailed Analysis of PetroleumNaphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chroma-tographyD6839 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types,OxygenatedCompounds,and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuelsby Gas Chromatography3.Summary of Test Method3.1 A representative sample is introduced into a gas chro-matographic system containing a series of columns and switch-ing valves.As the sample passes through a polar column,thepolar aromatic compounds,bi-naphthenes,and high boiling(200 C)paraffins and naphthenes are retained.The fractionnot retained elutes to a platinum column,that hydrogenatesolefins,if present,in this fraction,and then to a molecular sievecolumn which performs a carbon number separation based onmolecular structure,that is,naphthenes and paraffins.Thefraction remaining on the polar column is further divided intothree separate fractions that are then separated on a non-polarcolumn by boiling point.Eluting compounds are detected by aflame ionization detector.3.2 The mass concentration of each group is determined bythe multiplication of detected peak areas by flame ionizationdetector response factors and normalization to 100%.3.3 This test method provides limited identification ofindividual hydrocarbon components.Test Method D5134 maybe used to obtain speciation of a number of individualcompounds.For samples containing olefins,Test MethodD6839 provides carbon number distributions of hydrocarbontypes(PIONA).4.Significance and Use4.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refin-ery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.4.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federalmandate.This test method can be used to provide suchinformation.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.Current edition approved June 15,2014.Published September 2014.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5443 04(2009)1.DOI:10.1520/D5443-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Interferences5.1 Chemicals of a non-hydrocarbon composition may elutewithin the hydrocarbon groups,depending on their polarity,boiling point,and molecular size.Included in this group areethers(for example,methyl-tertiary butyl ether)and alcohols(for example,ethanol).6.Apparatus6.1 ChromatographA gas chromatograph capable of iso-thermal operation a