ASTM_D_5778_-_12.pdf

Designation:D577812Standard Test Method forElectronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testingof Soils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5778;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determiningthe point resistance during penetration of a conical-shapedpenetrometer as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a steadyrate.1.2 This test method is also used to determine the frictionalresistance of a cylindrical sleeve located behind the conicalpoint as it is advanced through subsurface soils at a steady rate.1.3 This test method applies to friction-cone penetrometersof the electric and electronic type.Field tests usingmechanical-type penetrometers are covered elsewhere by TestMethod D3441.1.4 This test method can be used to determine porewaterpressures developed during the penetration,thus termed piezo-cone.Porewater pressure dissipation,after a push,can also bemonitored for correlation to time rate of consolidation andpermeability.1.5 Additional sensors,such as inclinometer,seismic geo-phones(TestMethodsD7400),resistivity,electricalconductivity,dielectric,and temperature sensors,may beincluded in the penetrometer to provide useful information.The use of an inclinometer is highly recommended since it willprovide information on potentially damaging situations duringthe sounding process.1.6 Cone penetration test data can be used to interpretsubsurface stratigraphy,and through use of site specificcorrelations,they can provide data on engineering properties ofsoils intended for use in design and construction of earthworksand foundations for structures.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.Within Section 13 on Calculations,SI units areconsidered the standard.Other commonly used units such asthe inch-pound system are shown in brackets.The various datareported should be displayed in mutually compatible units asagreed to by the client or user.Cone tip projected area iscommonly referred to in square centimetres for convenience.The values stated in each system are not equivalents;therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other.NOTE1This test method does not include hydraulic or pneumaticpenetrometers.However,many of the procedural requirements hereincould apply to those penetrometers.Also,offshore/marine CPT systemsmay have procedural differences because of the difficulties of testing inthose environments(for example,tidal variations,salt water,waves).Mechanical CPT systems are covered under Test Method D3441.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD3441 Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Testsof Soil(Withdrawn 2014)3D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD7400 Test Methods for Downhole Seismic TestingE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology Con-vention(D653).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 apparent load transferapparent resistance measuredon either the cone or friction sleeve of an electronic conepenetrometer while that element is in a no-load condition but1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling andRelated Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.Current edition approved Jan.1,2012.Published February 2012.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D577807.DOI:10.1520/D5778-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 the other element is loaded.Apparent load transfer is the sumof cross talk,subtraction error,and mechanical load transfer.3.2.2 baselinea set of zero load readings,expressed interms of apparent resistance,that are used as reference valuesduring performance of testing and calibration.3.2.3 cone tipthe