ASTM_D_5580_-_21.pdf

Designation:D558021Standard Test Method forDetermination of Benzene,Toluene,Ethylbenzene,p/m-Xylene,o-Xylene,C9and Heavier Aromatics,and TotalAromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5580;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,the xylenes,C9and heavier aromatics,and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline by gas chroma-tography.1.2 The aromatic hydrocarbons are separated without inter-ferences from other hydrocarbons in finished gasoline.Non-aromatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point greater thann-dodecane may cause interferences with the determination ofthe C9and heavier aromatics.For the C8aromatics,p-xyleneand m-xylene co-elute while ethylbenzene and o-xylene areseparated.The C9and heavier aromatics are determined as asingle group.1.3 This test method covers the following concentrationranges,in liquid volume%,for the preceding aromatics:benzene,0.1%to 5%;toluene,1%to 15%;individual C8aromatics,0.5%to 10%;total C9and heavier aromatics,5%to 30%,and total aromatics,10%to 80%.1.4 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01%by either massor by liquid volume.1.5 This test method includes a relative bias section for U.S.EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations reporting for ben-zene based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment betweenTest Method D5580 and Test Method D3606 as a possible TestMethod D5580 alternative to Test Method D3606.The PracticeD6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuelsin the benzene concentration range from 0.0%to 2.31%byvolume as measured by Test Method D5580.The applicableTest Method D3606 range for benzene is from 0.0%to 2.38%by volume as reported by Test Method D3606.1.6 This test method includes a relative bias section for U.S.EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations for total aromaticsreporting based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment be-tween Test Method D5580 and Test Method D5769 as apossible Test Method D5580 alternative to Test MethodD5769.The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation(s)isonly applicable for fuels in the total aromatic concentrationrange from 5.4%to 31.6%by volume as measured by TestMethod D5580 and a distillation temperature T95,at which95%of the sample has evaporated,as measured by TestMethod D86 is in the range of 149.1 C to 196.6 C(300.4 Fto 385.9 F).1.6.1 The applicable Test Method D5769 range for totalaromatics is from 3.7%to 29.4%by volume as reported byTest Method D5769 and the distillation temperature T95,atwhich 95%of the sample has evaporated,when testedaccording to Test Method D86 ranged from 149.1 C to196.6 C(300.4 F to 385.9 F).1.7 This test method includes a relative bias section forspark-ignition engine fuels(gasolines)for benzene reportingbased on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between TestMethod D5580 and Test Method D5769 as a possible TestMethod D5580 alternative to Test Method D5769.The PracticeD6708 derived correlation equation for benzene is applicablein the test method inclusive valid reporting concentrationranges,as determined from Practice D6708 data set andprecision working limits of Test Method D5580,from 0.08%to 2.34%by volume as measured by Test Method D5580.1.8 Many of the common alcohols and ethers that are addedto gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide emissions and increaseoctane,do not interfere with the analysis.Ethers such as methyltert-butylether(MTBE),ethyl tert-butylether(ETBE),tert-amylmethylether(TAME),and diisopropylether(DIPE)havebeen found to elute from the precolumn with the nonaromatichydrocarbons to vent.Other oxygenates,including methanoland ethanol elute before benzene and the aromatic hydrocar-bons.1-Methylcyclopentene has also been found to elute fromthe precolumn to vent and does not interfere with benzene.1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.9.1 ExceptionThe values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.Current edition approved April 1,2021.Published April 2021.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D5580 15(2020).DOI:10.1520/D5580-21.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Re